Liquid film characteristics measurement based on NIR in gas–liquid vertical annular upward flow

Zhao, Zhengyan; Wang, Baohui; Wang, Jing; Fang, Luyuan; Li, Xiaoting; Wang, Fan; Zhao, Ning

doi:10.1088/1361-6501/ac57ed

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Challenges in the measurement were noticed when the gas-liquid interface experienced large waves. Similarly, near-infrared light sensors have also been used to measure the film thickness based on the different absorption characteristics of gas and liquid [77][78][79][80][81]. However, due to the significant impact of the entrained liquid droplets on the absorption coefficient, light guide pipes were designed and inserted into the annular flow, which ensured the light was only absorbed by the liquid film.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Flow Meter and Near-infrared Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Phase Annular Flow in Vertical Pipes: A Critical Review of Current Research Techniques and Progress

Xue¹,

Stewart

Kelly

et al. 2022

Water

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Two-phase annular flow in vertical pipes is one of the most common and important flow regimes in fluid mechanics, particularly in the field of building drainage systems where discharges to the vertical pipe are random and the flow is unsteady. With the development of experimental techniques and analytical methods, the understanding of the fundamental mechanism of the annular two-phase flow has been significantly advanced, such as liquid film development, evolution of the disturbance wave, and droplet entrainment mechanism. Despite the hundreds of papers published so far, the mechanism of annular flow remains incompletely understood. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research on two-phase annular flow in vertical pipes mainly in the last two decades. The review is mainly divided into two parts, i.e., the investigation methodologies and the advancement of knowledge. Different experimental techniques and numerical simulations are compared to highlight their advantages and challenges. Advanced underpinning physics of the mechanism is summarized in several groups including the wavy liquid film, droplet behaviour, entrainment and void fraction. Challenges and recommendations are summarized based on the literature cited in this review.

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Section: Ultrasonic Flow Meter and Near-infrared Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Phase Annular Flow in Vertical Pipes: A Critical Review of Current Research Techniques and Progress

Xue¹,

Stewart

Kelly

et al. 2022

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, sensors such as Venturi tubes or conductance probes can interfere with the flow field, which increase the measurement uncertainty. As a result, non-intrusive sensors such as ultrasonic [7], capacitive [8], and optical [9] techniques have gained widespread attention and research. Among these, ultrasonic sensors have the advantages of a simple structure, strong penetrability, and minimal impact on the detection environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft measurement model for wet gas flow rate based on ultrasonic and differential pressure sensing

Zheng,

Shao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Non-separation measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flow is of great significance to industrial production and theoretical research on two-phase flow. In this paper, a soft measurement method of wet gas flow rate based on ultrasonic and differential pressure sensors is proposed. A total of 129 sets of experimental data are obtained in DN50 horizontal pipe, the superficial velocity of gas and liquid ranging from 5m/s to 33m/s and 0.015m/s to 0.6m/s, respectively. Ten feature parameters of ultrasonic signals such as the time difference between two echoes and kurtosis factor are proposed from time and frequency domain. As well as the power spectral density, mean value and standard deviation value are analyzed based on differential pressure signals. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation coefficient is introduced to evaluate these feature parameters quantitatively. And nine parameters which are highly correlated to gas-liquid flow rate are selected as the inputs of the soft measurement model. Finally, Decision Tree, LS-SVM and ANN models are established through training with the experimental data. Comparison results show that ANN has the lowest prediction errors on the test set, with the mean absolute percentage errors(MAPE) of 1.49% and 3.2% for gas and liquid, respectively.

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“…Laser absorption techniques such as laser light absorption is mainly used for relatively large films up to 5 mm [43]. Laser absorption spectroscopy is used up to 1600 µm [44][45][46][47][48]. Ultrasonic puls-echo methods are used for very large films up to 10 mm [49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel laser-induced fluorescence concept for thermometry measurements in machining lubricoolants

Koegl,

Glahn,

Zigan

2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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This study investigates a two-colour LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) technique for thermometry in cooling lubricants (CL) for machining. The diagnostic technique should enable a simultaneous determination of cooling film thickness and film temperature, which is relevant for typical machining processes like turning and milling processes. The temperature determination is based on a temperature-sensitive fluorescence intensity ratio of a special dye determined in suitable spectral regions representing common band pass filters. For this purpose, two cooling lubricant emulsions CL6 (6 vol.% CL, 94 vol.% water; normal machining) and CL10 (10 vol.% CL, 90 vol.% water; heavy machining) and its individual components were doped with the fluorescence dye Eosin-Y. Temperature dependent spectral LIF intensities were recorded in the range of 273–313 K, which are relevant for milling and cutting operations. Furthermore, absorption spectra were analysed as well. The temperature-dependent fluorescence measurements revealed a temperature limit for the emulsion stability. The emission peaks of Eosin-Y are shifted with increasing temperature towards longer wavelengths. The sensitivities of CL10 (1.88%/K) and CL6 (1.58%/K) are comparable to or even higher than the sensitivities of other LIF dyes provided in the literature. The literature-based dyes were however not determined in those cooling lubricants. The measurements showed, that the investigated tracer-cooling lubricant/water emulsions mixed with the dye enable a reliable temperature determination.

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Liquid film characteristics measurement based on NIR in gas–liquid vertical annular upward flow

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Two-Phase Annular Flow in Vertical Pipes: A Critical Review of Current Research Techniques and Progress

Two-Phase Annular Flow in Vertical Pipes: A Critical Review of Current Research Techniques and Progress

Soft measurement model for wet gas flow rate based on ultrasonic and differential pressure sensing

A novel laser-induced fluorescence concept for thermometry measurements in machining lubricoolants

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