Liquid-flame combustion II: Some physical and chemical characteristics of the burning process

Ивашкевич, Олег А.; Krasitsky, Vasily A.; Лесникович, А. И.; Astashinsky, Valentin M.; Kostyukevich, Evgeny A.; Khusid, Boris; Mansurov, V. A.

doi:10.1016/s0010-2180(97)00058-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Nitrogen-rich heterocycles and their derivatives have recently attracted considerable attention as promising environmentally friendly energetic compounds. − Among them, tetrazole (TZ) is of significant interest for combustion chemistry − due to its high heat of formation, thermal stability, and high nitrogen content. TZ is a widely used building block for a huge family of novel high-energy compounds. − Apart from this, the electron-donating nitrogen atoms in the TZ ring can bind to various metal ions, forming stable complexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tautomerism and Thermal Decomposition of Tetrazole: High-Level ab Initio Study

2011

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The mutual interconversion and decomposition reactions of four tetrazole isomers (1H-TZ, 2H-TZ, 5H-TZ, and an N-heterocyclic carbene 14H) have been studied theoretically using the W1 high-level procedure. Computations allowed resolution of the existing discrepancies in the mechanism and key intermediates of TZ thermolysis. The tautomeric equilibria between 1H-TZ, 2H-TZ, and 14H turned out to play a very important role in the mechanism of thermal decomposition. Although the barriers of monomolecular tautomeric transformations were found to be high (∼50-70 kcal/mol), the concerted double H atom transfer reactions in the H-bonded complexes of TZ tautomers have profoundly lower barriers (∼18-28 kcal/mol). These reactions lead to fast interconversion between 1H-TZ, 2H-TZ, and 14H. The carbene 14H has never been considered before; however, it was predicted to be a key intermediate in the mechanism of thermal decomposition of TZ. For all species considered, the unimolecular reactions of N(2) elimination were predicted to dominate over the elimination of hydrazoic acid. In agreement with existing experimental data, the effective activation energy of thermolysis was calculated to be 36.2 kcal/mol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tautomerism and Thermal Decomposition of Tetrazole: High-Level ab Initio Study

2011

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“…Due to the higher nitrogen content among the organic substances and the large positive enthalpies of formation, aminotetrazoles are prospective materials to be used, as blowing agents, solid propellants, and other combustible and thermally decomposing systems [6][7][8][9][10]. The number of publications devoted to the study of Tetrazoles increases each year.…”

Section: Fig 1 1h-tetrazolementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and study antimicrobial activities of some novel Tetrazole derivatives

2018

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“…It is also of interest to note that the amplitude of the e.m.f. induced by combustion of a mixture of tetrazole and sodium tetrazolate monohydrate in a pressed state is ≈900 mV [17].Of particular interest is to compare the results obtained for the Al + Ni system in [5,6,[10][11][12]. Typical values of the combustion-induced e.m.f.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is also of interest to note that the amplitude of the e.m.f. induced by combustion of a mixture of tetrazole and sodium tetrazolate monohydrate in a pressed state is ≈900 mV [17].…”

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Electromotive force for solid-flame combustion of heterogeneous systems in loose and pressed states

Proskudin

2006

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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By an example of condensed 3Zr + 2WO 3 and Al + Ni systems, it is demonstrated that the electromotive force of solid-flame combustion measured by probing in loose systems is significantly higher than that in the same systems in a pressed state. An explanation for this phenomenon is offered, based on the difference in electrical conductivity in different zones of the combustion wave in loose and pressed condensed systems.Key words: solid-flame combustion, electromotive force of combustion, condensed systems, electrical conductivity in the combustion wave.Electrical phenomena in combustion have attracted researchers' attention for a long time [1][2][3][4]. Many papers deal with studying the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of combustion in condensed systems. These papers describe the general ideas on the nature of origination of the combustion-induced e.m.f. in condensed systems [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and show that the e.m.f. of combustion can be used as a tool for studying combustion properties [14][15][16]. It should be admitted, however, that the detailed mechanism of combustion-induced e.m.f. formation in condensed systems has not been clearly understood yet. In particular, it is not clear which mechanism is responsible for the influence of the initial density of the condensed system on the e.m.f. of solid-flame combustion.Loose systems display rather high values of the combustion-induced e.m.f., which reaches ≈900 mV in some individual systems [5][6][7]10]. At the same time, the e.m.f. values registered for pressed systems in [11,12] were lower approximately by an order of magnitude (less than 100 mV). We should recall that the constant component of the e.m.f. obtained in [9] in measuring the e.m.f. in the combustion wave in the pressed Co + S system reached 5 V, and the value of the variable and pulsed e.m.f. exceeded 110 V. The results of [9] seem to be anomalous, and their alternative interpretation will be presented below. It is also of interest to note that the amplitude of the e.m.f. induced by combustion of a mixture of tetrazole and sodium tetrazolate monohydrate in a pressed state is ≈900 mV [17].Of particular interest is to compare the results obtained for the Al + Ni system in [5,6,[10][11][12]. Typical values of the combustion-induced e.m.f. in this system in a loose state are 560-570 mV [5,6,10], and the corresponding values for the same system in a pressed state are less than several millivolts [11,12]. Though these data were obtained by different authors for different mixtures of Al and Ni powders and with the use of different measurement electrodes (which can affect the results obtained [18]), the main reason for the difference in the values of the combustion-induced e.m.f. seems to be the difference in initial densities of the burning systems.To check this assumption, we performed experiments to estimate the combustion-induced e.m.f. on a setup (Fig. 1), which allows experimentation with condensed systems in a loose state with the use of the same measurement electrodes and powder mixtures...

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Liquid-flame combustion II: Some physical and chemical characteristics of the burning process

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Tautomerism and Thermal Decomposition of Tetrazole: High-Level ab Initio Study

Tautomerism and Thermal Decomposition of Tetrazole: High-Level ab Initio Study

Synthesis and study antimicrobial activities of some novel Tetrazole derivatives

Electromotive force for solid-flame combustion of heterogeneous systems in loose and pressed states

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