Liquid flame spray for generating metal and metal oxide nanoparticle test aerosol

Abstract

<jats:p> A flame-based method for generating nanoparticles with production rate in the order of g/min is presented to be used in a variety of applied studies concerning nanoparticle measurements and toxicological tests. In this study, ferric oxide, titanium dioxide, and silver nanoparticles were produced by this technique, as an example of the variety of producible compounds, and number and surface area were measured by state-of-art aerosol instruments. In the primary experiments of this study, the generator was used in a conventional way, in a fume cupboard, and the aerosol was measured from the exhaust duct of the cupboard. It has been shown that this steady, turbulent flame generator is also suitable for producing high-concentration aerosols in a wider concept. The generated aerosol was measured by variety of aerosol instrumentation to show the applicability of the generator. When using the generator intentionally as a source of aerosol in the flame processing room, mean nanoparticle sizes of 5—60 nm and active surface area concentration ranges of 1—10,000 μm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/cm<jats:sup> 3</jats:sup> were covered for the room aerosol. </jats:p>

Industrial worker exposure to airborne particles during the packing of pigment and nanoscale titanium dioxide

“…This means that the ELPI could be used to measure size-fractioned particles, active surface area (from raw currents, see e.g. Mäkelä et al 2009), and mass concentrations nearly in real time if effective density of the particles is known.…”

Comparative Human Health Impact Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Framework of Life Cycle Assessment

“…For the comparative health impact assessment, two different production scenarios (R&D‐scale and large‐scale production) and two different use scenarios (spraying and rolling/brushing) were included to elucidate the differences in results from different assumptions. For each of the above described life cycle stages and possible scenarios, indoor air concentrations were derived from peer‐reviewed literature, which resulted in the following realistic intake levels per FU: Nano‐TiO 2 production: Scenario 1: R&D production by flame pyrolysis: 8.15 mg/m 2 (range: 5.67–10.63 mg/m 2 ) Scenario 2: Large‐scale production by wet chemical synthesis: 6.38 mg/m 2 (range: 2.04–10.71 mg/m 2 ) Harvesting/collection of material: 0.189 mg/m 2 Packaging during and after the reacting process: 0.48 mg/m 2 Manufacturing of coating: 1.80 × 10 −3 mg/m 2 (range: 6.68 × 10 −4 – 3.32 × 10 −3 mg/m 2 ) Application: Scenario 3: Spraying the coating: 2.14 mg/m 2 (range: 0.37–4.20 mg/m 2 ) Scenario 4: Brushing or rolling the coating: 0.02 mg/m 2 (range: 0.004–0.04 mg/m 2 assuming a 90‐fold difference between spraying and brushing/rolling, which was concluded by Fransman et al . ) Deconstruction/demolition: No indoor air concentration to free primary nano‐TiO 2 was identified during this phase.…”

Nanoparticle Deposition from Liquid Flame Spray onto Moving Roll-to-Roll Paperboard Material

“…In the liquid flame spray (LFS) process, liquid feedstock is injected and atomized in an oxygen-hydrogen flame (Tikkanen et al 1997;Mäkelä et al 2004Mäkelä et al , 2009Aromaa et al 2007). A high-temperature flame, which may be up to 2600…”