Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Extraction of Chloropropanols from 1,2-Dichloropropane Using Water or 1,4-Butylene Glycol

Abstract

Liquid−liquid equilibria (LLE) data for the extraction of chloropropanols from 1,2-dichloropropane using water or 1,4-butylene glycol as solvent at 303.15 and 323.15 K under atmospheric pressure have been determined. The distribution coefficients and separation factors were calculated to assess the effectiveness of extracting chloropropanols from 1,2-dichloropropane, and the consistency of LLE data was verified by the Othmer−Tobias and Hand equations. The binary interaction parameters among these compounds were obtained through correlation of the experimental data with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models; both models were successfully applied to correlate the experimental data of the studied systems, with all the root-meansquare deviation (RMSD) values being below 0.01.

Measurement and Thermodynamic Models for Ternary Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Systems {Water + Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers +4-Methyl-2-pentanol} at Different Temperatures

“…Additionally, the GUM standard 25 was utilized to determine the uncertainty of the mass compositions for the two enriched phases, which has been used elsewhere. 26,27 The estimated uncertainty of the equilibrium mixture (in mass fraction) was <0.0050.…”

Determination and Correlation of Liquid–Liquid Equilibria Data for Ternary System Isopropyl Acetate + Isopropanol + Water at Different Temperatures

“…The LLE data was measured from 298.15 to 323.15 K and the standard uncertainty was ±0.1 K, and then the mixtures were used to fill the 50 mL glass-sealed equilibrium cell before being agitated vigorously for more than 2 h with the magnetic stirrer . The mixtures were allowed to settle for more than 6 h to ensure sufficient phase separation and equilibration and were separated into organic and aqueous phases (Some preliminary experiments − have been done, and these indicated that this period was sufficient to allow complete phase separation and keep the system in thermodynamic equilibrium.) 1,4-Dioxane was utilized as an internal standard to obtain the calibration factor, and the internal standard method was applied to determine the composition of the sample.…”

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for Ternary Systems n-Hexane + 1-Hexene + Furfural (or N,N-Dimethylformamide) at 298.2, 308.2, and 318.2 K

“…Calculating the objective function (OF) can obtain the regression interaction parameters of the above thermodynamic model. as described below. , where w cal and w exp refer to the calculated and experimental composition of components; subscripts k , j , and i denote the tie-line, phase, and components respectively; M refers to the quantity of tie lines.…”