Liquid/liquid extraction of biomass-derived lignin from lignocellulosic pretreatments

Stiefel, Serafin; Marino, Davide Di; Eggert, Armin; Kühnrich, Ivo Robert; Schmidt, Matthias; Grande, Philipp M.; Leitner, Walter; Jupke, Andreas; Weßling, Matthias

doi:10.1039/c6gc02270g

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The removal of 69% of the carbohydrates in a single washing step could be further improved as a longer contact time or the simple inclusion of a second washing step ( Schuur et al, 2010 ) might lead to further purified lignin. Furthermore, the use of solvents during the extraction or caustic soda treatment that are immiscible with water (e.g., 2-MeTHF ( Stiefel et al, 2017 ; Smink et al, 2020 )) could lead to further improvement of carbohydrate removal. Moving towards commercial implementation of this process, some technical points should be addressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin

et al. 2021

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Innovative biomass fractionation is of major importance for economically competitive biorefineries. Lignin is currently severely underutilized due to the use of high severity fractionation methodologies that yield complex condensed lignin that limits high-value applicability. Mild lignin fractionation conditions can lead to lignin with a more regular C-O bonded structure that has increased potential for higher value applications. Nevertheless, such extraction methodologies typically suffer from inadequate lignin extraction efficiencies and yield. (Semi)-continuous flow extractions are a promising method to achieve improved extraction efficiency of such C-O linked lignin. Here we show that optimized organosolv extraction in a flow-through setup resulted in 93–96% delignification of 40 g walnut shells (40 wt% lignin content) by applying mild organosolv extraction conditions with a 2 g/min flowrate of a 9:1 n-butanol/water mixture with 0.18 M H2SO4 at 120°C in 2.5 h. 85 wt% of the lignin (corrected for alcohol incorporation, moisture content and carbohydrate impurities) was isolated as a powder with a high retention of the β-aryl ether (β-O-4) content of 63 linking motifs per 100 C9 units. Close examination of the isolated lignin showed that the main carbohydrate contamination in the recovered lignin was butyl-xyloside and other butoxylate carbohydrates. The work-up and purification procedure were investigated and improved by the implementation of a caustic soda treatment step and phase separation with a continuous integrated mixer/separator (CINC). This led to a combined 75 wt% yield of the lignin in 3 separate fractions with 3% carbohydrate impurities and a very high β-O-4 content of 67 linking motifs per 100 C9 units. Analysis of all the mass flows showed that 98% of the carbohydrate content was removed with the inline purification step, which is a significant improvement to the 88% carbohydrate removal for the traditional lignin precipitation work-up procedure. Overall we show a convenient method for inline extraction and purification to obtain high β-O-4 butanosolv lignin in excellent yields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin

et al. 2021

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“…Plausibly, the finding may suggest there could be a causality relationship between aggoverq and growth in the short run. When the economy does not move with the same proportion as the growth rate of supply of skilled person, there would lead to mismatch between the supply and the demand for highly educated person in the labour force (Jaoul-Grammare & Guironnet, 2009;Cuadras-Morató & Mateos-Planas, 2013;Cedefop, 2015;Vlasov, & Kiseleva, 2017;International Monetary Fund, 2018;Gil, Gabriel, & Afonso, 2019). However, examining the causality relationship between aggoverq and lngdp is beyond our motive.…”

Section: Dataset Measurement and Incidence Of Aggregate Overqualificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Economic Growth in Malaysia: Does Aggregate Overqualification Matter?

Zakariya¹,

Hermanssons²,

Yin³

et al. 2019

RWE

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This paper explores the impact of aggregate overqualification on regional economic growth in Malaysia from 2005 to 2017 using Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) approach. The aggregate overqualification was gauged as the percentage of workers with at least a bachelor’s degree qualification who employed in an occupation below than the professional job level. Following the method, while the incidence stood at 1 percent, it was however higher in Kuala Lumpur (4.4 percent) and Selangor (3.9 percent) and was much lower in Perak (-0.26 percent) and Perlis (-0.12 percent). Moreover, the incidence was higher after 2010. Empirical findings revealed strong evidence of negative impact of the aggregate overqualification on regional economic growth. Yet, the magnitudes of the effect were smaller, between 0.02 and 0.03. Further analysis revealed the negative impact was greater in most developed states and for the period after 2010. The findings depict that there is a growth penalty for not being fully utilised the knowledge and skills of highly educated workers at the regional labour market.

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“…Subsequently, lignin must be separated from the 2-MTHF-rich phase for further valorization. Apart from distillation, several alternatives have been recently proposed by some of us, such as using liquid-liquid extraction with concentrated NaOH aqueous solutions, 5 or adding antisolvents like n-pentane or n-hexane to trigger the precipitation of lignin from 2-MTHF. 6 Other fractional precipitation methods for lignins include solvent/anti-solvent mixtures (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective lignin fractionation using CO₂-expanded 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF)

et al. 2021

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Liquid/liquid extraction of biomass-derived lignin from lignocellulosic pretreatments

Abstract: The extraction of lignin from lignocellulosic pretreatments regards the transfer of lignin from the fractionation solvent to a different medium for valorization.

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin

Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin

Regional Economic Growth in Malaysia: Does Aggregate Overqualification Matter?

Selective lignin fractionation using CO₂-expanded 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF)

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Liquid/liquid extraction of biomass-derived lignin from lignocellulosic pretreatments

Abstract: The extraction of lignin from lignocellulosic pretreatments regards the transfer of lignin from the fractionation solvent to a different medium for valorization.

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin

Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin

Regional Economic Growth in Malaysia: Does Aggregate Overqualification Matter?

Selective lignin fractionation using CO2-expanded 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF)

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Product

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Selective lignin fractionation using CO₂-expanded 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF)