Liquid phase dehydration of 1-indanol: Selective synthesis of indene over microporous acid catalysts

Synthesis of indene in the liquid phase by a one-pot process using orthogonal tandem catalysis

“…33 HZSM-5 zeolite containing weak and strong acid sites, with a balanced Lewis and Brønsted nature, is highly active and very selective in the NOL dehydration into ENE. 26 Fig. 2 shows the catalytic performance of the HZSM-5 sample in the dehydration of NOL.…”

“…34,35 Besides, the carbon balance after 8 h of reaction was higher than 95%, indicating that at the end of the reaction, neither NOL nor reaction products remain adsorbed in large amounts on the catalyst surface. 26 Two supplementary experiments in order to investigate the kinetics of the dehydration of NOL over HZSM-5 zeolite were performed. Specifically, two runs performed at 80 and 70 °C were carried out to determine the apparent activation energy for the liquid-phase NOL dehydration reaction and a simple power-law kinetic model was applied (Fig.…”

“…Additional information on characterization tests and the results observed for the HZSM-5 sample have been already described in our previous work. 26…”

“…Our research group has studied the indene production by the catalytic intramolecular dehydration of 1-indanol and we found that HZMS-5 zeolite is more active and selective to indene than other zeolitic and non-zeolitic acid materials. 26 HZSM-5 yielded 90% of indene after 3 h, at 100% conversion of 1-indanol. The formation of bulky products was inhibited due to the shape selectivity phenomenon.…”

Production of pentyl valerate from γ-valerolactone, pentanol and H2 using Pd and Rh-based bifunctional catalysts

“…The IR bands at around 1540 cm −1 and 1440-1460 cm −1 correspond to pyridine chemisorbed on Brønsted (B) and Lewis (L) sites, respectively. 31 The integration of these bands made it possible to determine the relative contribution of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites and the L/(L + B) ratio. These results are summarized in Table 2.…”