Liquid-phase sintering of PZT ceramics

Low Temperature Sintering of PZT

“…The complex sintering aids were added in their eutectic mixtures. PbO•WO 3 containing 16.5 mol% of WO 3 has a melting point of 730 °C [8], while Cu 2 O•PbO (1:4) has a melting point of about 680 °C [9]. The ratio of Li 2 CO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , and CuO (1:1:3.7) in the ternary system LBCu was chosen according to Wang et al [10].…”

On the processing conditions and interfacial chemistry of composite PZT thick films on platinised silicon substrates

“…The composite slurry approach was first proposed with ultrasonically assisted dispersion of the ceramic powder [1], and later with ball milling of sub micron powders [2]. Low sintering temperatures (≤710 °C) have been achieved by incorporating a PbO-Cu 2 O (5% weight PZT powder) eutectic sintering aid into the slurry [2]; however, all of these films exhibited a high degree of porosity.…”

“…Low sintering temperatures (≤710 °C) have been achieved by incorporating a PbO-Cu 2 O (5% weight PZT powder) eutectic sintering aid into the slurry [2]; however, all of these films exhibited a high degree of porosity. An infiltration route has been employed to aid densification in which the sol was used to infiltrate the pores of the thick film.…”

“…In equation (2) oxygen is consumed by a source of residual carbon [14] according to equations (3) to (5) where equation (3) will be the case for low po 2 .…”

Novel patterning of composite thick film PZT

“…The use of low melting sintering aids, which are also often used for sintering of bulk ceramics, brings the sintering temperature down to 700 to 800°C [22,23]. A way of lowering the porosity, without having to increase the processing temperature, is to use a hybrid technology in which the PZT powder is mixed with a PZT forming solution [24][25][26][27].…”