“…When these studies are examined, it has been observed that some of the studies focused on the effects of the pandemic on stock market volatility (Baek, Mohanty and Glambosky, 2020;Mirza, Naqvi, Rahat and Rizvi, 2020;Albulescu, 2021;Izzeldin, Muradoğlu, Pappas and Sivaprasad, 2021;Shahzad, Naeem, Peng and Bouri, 2021;Christopoulos, Kalantonis, Katsampoxakis and Vergos, 2021;Engelhardt, Krause, Neukirchen and Porsch, 2021;Topcu, Yagli and Emirmahmutoglu, 2021;Uddin, Chowdhury, Anderson and Chaudhuri, 2021;Wang, Xu and Sharma, 2021;Bakry et al, 2022;Diaz, Henríquez, and Winkelried, 2022;Sreenu and Pradhan, 2022;Vera-Valdes, 2022;Xu, 2022). In addition, exchange rate returns volatility (Feng, Yang, Gong and Chang, 2021;Honarmandi and Zarei, 2022;Yıldırım, Erdoğan and Tarı, 2022;Geng and Guo, 2022), stock return (Yiu and Tsang, 2022;Handoyo, Ibrahim and Indrawan, 2022); returns and volatility (Rakshit and Neog, 2021;Bissoondoyal-Bheenick, Do, Hu and Zhong, 2021;Pyo, 2021;Ozdemir, Ercan, Grima and Romānova, 2021;Song, Bouri, Ghosh and Kanjilal, 2021;Li et al ., 2021;Kusumahadi and Permana, 2021;Wasiuzzaman, 2022), exchange rate returns and return (Torbecke, 2021;Narayan, 2022b), stock price and exchange rate returns (Hoshikawa and Yoshimi, 2021;Rai and Garg, 2022;), liquidity and return (Park and Newaz, 2021;…”