“…See, among others, Biais, Hillion, and Spatt (1995), Griffiths, Smith, Turnbull, and White (2000), Ahn, Bae, and Chan (2001), Ranaldo (2004), Degryse, deJong, Ravenswaaij, and Wuyts (2005), and Linnainmaa and Roşu (2009). Relatively fewer studies examine the liquidity provision and the dynamics of the limit order book for futures markets, and they mainly focus on the interrelationship between the volatility and liquidity (e.g., Chiang, Lin, & Yu, 2009;Chiu, Chuang, & Wang, 2014;and Coppejans, Domowitz, & Madhavan, 2004). Following the motivation in Hagströmer and Nordén (2014), the index futures markets are chosen as the context to investigate the intertwined dynamics between trading patience, order flows, and liquidity suggested in liquidity-based trade models (e.g., Foucault et al, 2005 andRoşu, 2009), which assume symmetric information.…”