“…In amphibians, most cases of malformations have been primarily documented in anurans (Lannoo 2008, Ferreira et al 2019, Bosch et al 2021, Venerozo-Tlazalo et al 2022; nevertheless, this could be related to the fact that salamanders and caecilians exhibit more cryptic habits that make them less detectable (Davic and Welsh Jr. 2004, Gower et al 2004, Müller et al 2020, Cante-Bazán 2022. In Mexico, the documentation of malformations in salamanders is scarce in comparison to anurans (Cruz-Pérez et al 2009, Soto-Rojas et al 2017, Venerozo-Tlazalo et al 2022, and the malformations most frequently observed are associated with frog limbs (Aguillón-Gutiérrez and Ramírez-Bautista 2015, Monroy-Vilchis et al 2015, Domínguez-Moreno et al 2018, Carmona-Zamora et al 2020, Reyes-Servín and Díaz-García 2023. Ocular abnormalities have been recorded in salamanders in only two studies (Díaz-García et al 2019, Venerozo-Tlazalo et al 2022.…”