“…Research on foreign and second language (L2) teacher learning has shown that many NTs feel unprepared to address culture (Byram & Risager, 1999) and that culture often receives limited attention in L2 teaching methods courses (Byrd, Hlas, Watzke & Valencia, 2011;Wilbur, 2007). Promising practices for preparing novice L2 teachers to teach about culture include participation in cultural exchanges (Byram & Risager, 1999;Kohler, 2015), reflection about previous intercultural experiences (He, 2013, Peiser & Jones, 2014, and engaging with texts that represent the diverse experiences of members of different cultures (Diaz-Greenberg and Nevin, 2003;Flechtner & Chapman, 2011), Teachers' beliefs, the affective understandings that underlie teachers' professional decision-making (Pajares, 1992), develop from their personal experiences (Bullough & Knowles, 1991), their own experiences with schooling (Lortie, 1975), and their exposure to formal pedagogical knowledge (Grossman, 1990;Shulman, 1987). Research on L2 teacher beliefs has shown that beliefs can vary among individuals in the same setting (Peiser & Jones, 2014) and individual teachers' beliefs can also change over time (Kohler, 2015).…”