Literature review and case series of haemorrhagic cholecystitis

Tarazi, Munir; Tomalieh, Feras; Sweeney, Annelies; Sumner, Daniel; Abdulaal, Yasser

doi:10.1093/jscr/rjy360

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Multiple treatment modalities exist for the management of haemorrhagic cholecystitis. In the majority of reported cases, patients have undergone either open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and this approach is associated with superior outcomes [ 3 , 4 , 6–9 ]. In patients who are poor surgical candidates, radiological and endoscopic decompression of the gallbladder has been utilized successfully as well as medical management alone [ 3–10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If missed, haemorrhagic cholecystitis can result in massive intraperitoneal haemorrhage and death [ 2 ]. The largest published series of cases found it was associated with anticoagulation in 45% of the cases [ 3 ]. Other reported risk factors include trauma, cirrhosis, vasculitides, malignancy and chronic renal impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other reported risk factors include trauma, cirrhosis, vasculitides, malignancy and chronic renal impairment. Treatment is typically cholecystectomy with some evidence for cholecystostomy [ 3 ]. Here, we present an atypical case of acalculous haemorrhagic cholecystitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgical case report—acalculous hemorrhagic cholecystitis

Leaning¹

2021

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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Haemorrhagic cholecystitis is a seldom seen cause of right upper quadrant pain that can result in gallbladder rupture, massive intraperitoneal haemorrhage and death if untreated. Haemorrhagic cholecystitis is usually seen in the presence of cholelithiasis, malignancy, trauma and coagulopathies. Here, we present the unusual case of an elderly man presenting with acalculous haemorrhagic cholecystitis, who was successfully treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We review the radiological and laparoscopic findings of haemorrhagic acalculous cholecystitis. This case highlights the importance of prudent use of radiological imaging to differentiate haemorrhagic cholecystitis from alternate pathology and early surgical intervention to avoid massive intraperitoneal haemorrhage and the high mortality with which it is associated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgical case report—acalculous hemorrhagic cholecystitis

Leaning¹

2021

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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“…If the bleeding is slow, it may form an intra-biliary clot [ 2 ] and overt bleeding may not be present. Tarazi et al published a literature review and a summary of case reports on hemorrhagic cholecystitis in 2019 [ 5 ]. We have updated the list and focused only on cases involving anticoagulation ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticoagulant-induced hemorrhagic cholecystitis with hemobilia after deceased donor kidney transplant and literature review

Sakharuk

Martínez

Laub

et al. 2021

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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Introduction and importance Hemobilia and hemorrhagic cholecystitis are uncommon causes of right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The development of intra-gallbladder and biliary bleeding has been primarily associated with abdominal trauma, malignancy, liver transplant, and iatrogenic injury to the biliary tree and vasculature. Spontaneous anticoagulant induced hemorrhagic cholecystitis and hemobilia are incredibly rare events and have only been documented by a handful of case reports. Case presentation A 55-year-old male who had recently undergone a deceased-donor kidney transplant was transferred to our academic institution for evaluation of subjective fever, right upper quadrant abdominal and back pain. The patient demonstrated localized tenderness in the right abdomen and was found to have hemorrhagic cholecystitis on imaging. He subsequently underwent urgent cholecystectomy and recovered without any subsequent complications. Clinical discussion Hemorrhagic cholecystitis and hemobilia are a rare cause of right-sided or generalized abdominal pain. Diagnosis is made primarily by pathognomonic findings on CT and US imaging. Prompt diagnosis is essential in preventing mortality and/or significant morbidity. The standard treatment consists of urgent/emergent cholecystectomy. Conclusion A rare sequelae of anticoagulant use, intra-biliary bleeding must be considered as a differential diagnosis in anticoagulated patients presenting with right upper quadrant abdominal pain.

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“…1 Its many causes include gallstones, gallbladder cancer, polyps, cystic artery aneurysm, parasites, ischemia, the presence of heterotopic gastrointestinal mucosa within the gallbladder, coagulation disorder and trauma (including iatrogenic causes, such as liver biopsy and radiofrequency ablation). 2–8 The diagnosis of haemocholecyst is difficult. There is no specific clinical feature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemocholecyst related to gallbladder malignancy

et al. 2020

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A haemocholecyst is a clot-filled gallbladder caused by bleeding into its lumen. It is a rare entity with fewer than 50 cases reported in the English literature. Preoperative diagnosis is often not possible even with good quality cross-sectional imaging. Here, we present a case of a gallbladder mass, whose nature was only made clear at operation, where a hugely enlarged gallbladder was found filled with blood clots. There was neither liver infiltration nor regional lymphadenopathy. The clinical status of the patient demanded simple cholecystectomy. Histopathological examination, however, revealed a gallbladder adenocarcinoma, infiltrating the perimuscular connective tissue. Thus, more radical surgery was performed eight weeks later. At the 21-month follow-up, the patient was found to be well.

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Literature review and case series of haemorrhagic cholecystitis

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Surgical case report—acalculous hemorrhagic cholecystitis

Surgical case report—acalculous hemorrhagic cholecystitis

Anticoagulant-induced hemorrhagic cholecystitis with hemobilia after deceased donor kidney transplant and literature review

Haemocholecyst related to gallbladder malignancy

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