Literature Review on Impact of Glycolate on the 2h Evaporator and the Effluent Treatment Facility

Adu-Wusu, K.

doi:10.2172/1041030

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The dilute waste category was based on analysis of overhead samples from the 2F, 2H and 3H evaporators [16]. This chemistry was principally associated with the condensate vessels and piping of the waste evaporators as well as the ETF.…”

Section: Dilute Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other constituents were not varied. The glycolate concentration was 0.033 g/L, which was based on the analysis that the evaporator feed concentration of glycolate was 10 g/L, and the partitioning of soluble species to the overheads gave a maximum glycolate concentration of 0.033 g/L [16]. For testing without glycolate, the glycolate was not added and no other constituent adjustments were made.…”

Section: Dilute Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion impact of reductant on DWPF and downstream facilities

Mickalonis

Imrich

Jantzen

et al. 2014

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Pitting corrosion, nitrite concentration fell outside that specified in the corrosion control program for HLW 30 A537SRNL-STI-2014-00281 Revision 0 design basis, but in the regions with cracking and cavitation the K-3 corrosion rate is at or greater than the DWPF design basis.5. The cavitation is likely due to the proximity of the refractory coupon to the bubbler orifice but the cracking is related to the Fe° depletion caused by excessive nitric acid used in the glycolic acid CEF campaign.The expected performance of the materials of construction within the CPC, specifically C276, Ultimet® and Stellite® at boiling temperatures, is questionable due to the susceptibility to localized corrosion identified during this testing. Since the glycolate anion concentration is at the highest in the CPC for the whole HLW processing system, determining operating limits where localized corrosion is not a concern is stressed. Additional testing for these materials is recommended to better understand the limits of these results and identify conditions for acceptable performance in service.These proposed tests would include performing electrochemical testing with formic acid based SRAT/SME supernates, which would provide a correlation between accelerated electrochemical test results and observed performance of components within the CPC and with glycolic acid based SRAT/SME supernates at levels of aggressive species (chloride, sulfate and mercury) where localized corrosion does not occur. Similar simulants would be used in hot-wall tests to verify that localized corrosion also does not occur under heat transfer conditions. Finally, a coupon immersion test is recommended to verify that the accelerated results of the electrochemical test occur with time during an extended exposure in the coupon test.Additional testing was also recommended for other materials where the presence of the glycolate anion impacted test results. These tests were recommended to better identify the temperature and glycolic acid limits for acceptable performance of the materials of construction, especially those susceptible to localized corrosion.1. Coupon immersion test with 304L in 70% glycolic acid at actual service temperature to determine if pitting occurs.2. Hot-wall testing for G30 and G3 in waste stream simulants without glycolic acid present for comparison to results with glycolate anion present, where pitting and crevice corrosion was observed.3. Metallurgical examination of the inner diameter of I690 pipe used in fabrication of melter bubbler to determine presence of cracks, which would reduce effective thickness and act as stress concentrators.4. Perform modified ASTM C621 tests in glycolic acid feeds to determine impact of glycolic acid vs. formic acid with and without the impact of Ar bubbling, i.e. all the formic acid flowsheet corrosion data has been derived in non-bubbled pilot scale melters except for the CEF glycolic acid campaign. This testing should suffice to get more precise comparative corrosion data for the K-3.viii Revision TABLE OF CO...

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Section: Dilute Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dilute Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion impact of reductant on DWPF and downstream facilities

Mickalonis

Imrich

Jantzen

et al. 2014

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“…Uranium glycolate complexes are known. 26,27 Of the various actinide oxidation states, tetravalent actinides such as Pu (IV) generally form the strongest complexes. 28 Glycolate is one of the complexing agents present in Hanford HLW.…”

Section: Rct With Naoh and Nano2 Additions But Without Added Namno4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluations of the Fates of Alkali Metals, Actinides, Mercury, and Iodine During DWPF Recycle Diversion

King

McCabe

HUNTER

et al. 2021

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The fates of alkali metals, actinides, mercury, and iodine in the Defense Waste Processing Facility Recycle Diversion process (as currently conceptualized) have been evaluated through paper studies based on available knowledge of the chemistry, physical properties, solubility, and volatility of the various species involved. The effect of pH in the range from 9 to 13 has been discussed. Recommendations for additional studies to close technology gaps have been provided, many of which are contingent upon the results of pending testing and sample characterization efforts. There is uncertainty in the amounts of soluble actinides passing through the process filter, though the bulk of the actinides should be captured on the filter with the Recycle Collection Tank solids and the total amounts of actinides should be relatively low. The Recycle Collection Tank pH could impact the fraction of actinides reaching the evaporator, but the primary factors determining the actinide fate are expected to be the amount of CO2 sorption from air sparging or, for certain actinides (such as plutonium), oxidation and/or sorption to MnO2 solids from permanganate additions to destroy the glycolate anion. Process optimization could minimize the amounts of actinides passing the filter. Depending upon the levels of mercury observed in recycle stream samples and because of the volatility of mercury, the evaporator should be designed with the capability to remove dense mercury phases from the condensate to avoid exceeding ETP WAC limits. The facility design must be adequate to transfer dense mercury phases and testing to confirm mercury transfer is needed. Simulant containing mercury is recommended for both filtration and evaporation testing. OLI Modeling of the various recycle streams is recommended to provide insight on the fate of iodine. Iodine-spiked simulants are recommended for upcoming evaporation tests. The project should consider the likelihood and impact of NAS scale formation in the evaporators. Process optimization may be needed to minimize the accumulation of NAS scale and possibly the sorption of actinides in the evaporator. Actual waste testing of the Recycle Diversion filtration and evaporation should include the analysis of actinides, mercury, and iodine to determine their partitioning.

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“…The descaling capability results from the complex formation with glycolic acid and multivalent metal salts. An extensive literature review has been performed previously on this complex formation [9]. The hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups of glycolic acid form five-member ring complexes with polyvalent metals.…”

Section: Glycolic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SRNL has conducted process testing to support the change in the alternate reductant from formic acid to glycolic acid [4,7], evaluated the impact on some downstream facilities' processes [8,9,32], as well as modeled the melter off gas stream for destruction of glycolic acid [10]. From these investigations the following points were highlighted for further evaluation:…”

Section: Previous Testing and Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Compatibility Evaluation for DWPF Nitric-Glycolic Acid - Literature Review

Mickalonis

Skidmore

2015

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Literature Review on Impact of Glycolate on the 2h Evaporator and the Effluent Treatment Facility

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Corrosion impact of reductant on DWPF and downstream facilities

Corrosion impact of reductant on DWPF and downstream facilities

Evaluations of the Fates of Alkali Metals, Actinides, Mercury, and Iodine During DWPF Recycle Diversion

Material Compatibility Evaluation for DWPF Nitric-Glycolic Acid - Literature Review

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