Literature review on the incentives and solutions for the bypassing of guards and protective devices on machinery

Testing and Improving an ISO 14119-Inspired Tool to Prevent Bypassing Safeguards on Industrial Machines

“…Therefore, we considered the first 15 incentives from the list of all existing incentives in descending order of frequency in Appendix C. The companies believe that bypassing usually occurs due to the incentives related to productivity issues ( Table 5). The majority of the most frequent incentives in the companies (I24, I19, I15, I17, I36, I44, I25, I8 and I37) are identical to the most frequent incentives available in the literature (see Haghighi, Chinniah and Jocelyn [56]). Even though the four case studies do not allow for results to be generalized, the consistency in the literature shows a certain ability of the tool to be applied to overcome the bypassing issue related to machinery safeguards.…”

“…The research team imported the information gathered from the companies in an Excel worksheet to facilitate a detailed analysis. In addition, the team interpreted the results and suggested preventive measures to eliminate or reduce bypassing safeguards based on the preventive recommendations provided in Haghighi, Chinniah and Jocelyn [56]. The observations during the visits and information returned by OHS practitioners from the companies were taken into account in proposing possible improvement actions.…”

“…Diverse reasons for defeating were found-the most frequent included (i) tasks such as installation, repair, maintenance are impossible without defeating, (ii) lack of visibility, (iii) poor reliability of guards and protective devices, (iv) disturbance of work process and production, (v) enhancing productivity, and (vi) lack of management commitment [8,10,20,24,27,28,31,34,35,41,42,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Haghighi et al [56] carried out a comprehensive review of the bypassing of safeguards and extracted 72 possible incentives to bypass. They classified those incentives to bypass into five main categories: (i) ergonomics, (ii) productivity, (iii) machine or safeguarding, (iv) behavior, and (v) corporate climate.…”

“…This control list enables the measures to be defined and then follows up with those measures to stop the circumvention of protective devices. In addition, Haghighi, Chinniah and Jocelyn [56] accomplished an extensive review of preventive solutions. In this study, the influential factors that prevent defeating are classified into technical, organizational, and individual categories, which could be considered in the design, machine manufacturing, and usage phases.…”

Safety of Machinery: Significant Differences in Two Widely Used International Standards for the Design of Safety-Related Control Systems

“…However, if operators or mechanics are motivated to defeat a reliable control system, a way to defeat the system will almost certainly be found. On this specific subject, Haghighi, et al [15] propose a detailed literature review on the incentives and solutions for the bypassing of guards and protective devices on machinery. ISO 14119 (2013) provides guidance on defeat resistant design where interlocking devices are used [16].…”