Lithium content in potable water, surface water, ground water, and mineral water on the territory of Republic of Macedonia

Kostik, Vesna; Bauer, Biljana; Kavrakovski, Zoran

doi:10.4103/2230-8598.137700

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, there are some data regarding lithium in public drinking water. Low lithium levels were found in some Japanese municipalities, areas of Macedonia, the East of England, and Lithuania, while higher lithium levels in public drinking water were found in several Texas counties . Interestingly, lithium levels in public drinking water comprising more than 1000 µg lithium L −1 were observed in distinct areas of several countries with high lithium salt deposits, such as Australia, Northern Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are some data regarding lithium in public drinking water. Low lithium levels were found in some Japanese municipalities, [30] areas of Macedonia, [31] the East of England, [32] and Lithuania, [33] while higher lithium levels in public drinking water were found A) The mean serum concentration-time profiles of lithium 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after oral ingestion of 1.5 L of the indicated mineral waters. After consumption of mineral water with medium or high lithium content, the serum lithium levels rapidly increased and reached their peak after 0.5 h (i.e., T max ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium‐Rich Mineral Water is a Highly Bioavailable Lithium Source for Human Consumption

Seidel

Baumhof

Hägele

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Lithium is an important trace element in human nutrition and medicine. Mineral and medicinal waters may represent a significant source of dietary lithium intake. Methods and results The lithium concentration of 360 German mineral and 21 medicinal waters is determined. Based on a systematic screening, three different mineral waters exhibiting low (1.7 µg L−1), medium (171 µg L−1), and high lithium (1724 µg L−1) concentrations are chosen for an acute bioavailability study in male healthy volunteers. In Germany, a north‐east to south‐west gradient of analyzed lithium concentrations is observed in the 381 tested waters. The lithium concentration in the water is significantly correlated with its sodium (r = 0. 810), potassium (r = 0.716), and magnesium (r = 0.361), but not with its calcium concentration. In a randomized cross‐over trial, volunteers (n = 3×10 each) drink 1.5 L of the respective mineral waters, and lithium concentrations in serum and urine are monitored over 24 h. Consumption of the mineral waters with a medium and high lithium content results in a dose‐dependent response in serum lithium concentrations and total urinary lithium excretion. Conclusion Lithium‐rich mineral and medicinal waters may be an important and highly bioavailable lithium source for human consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium‐Rich Mineral Water is a Highly Bioavailable Lithium Source for Human Consumption

Seidel

Baumhof

Hägele

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…The Li concentration varies widely in surface waters. For example, the average Li value was around 40 μg/ L in the USA [ 34 ], while it varied from 0.5 to 15.0 μg/L in the Republic of Macedonia [ 35 ] and between 20 and 91 μg/L in Ireland [ 36 ]. Except for the Austrian, Argentinean, and Chilean regions, where the Li concentrations were reported to exceed 1000 μg/L, the concentration of Li in groundwater ranged from 0.05 to 150 μg/L [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Accumulation in Salvinia natans Free-Floating Aquatic Plant

et al. 2022

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The new context of the intensive use of lithium-based batteries led to increased production of Li and Li-containing wastes. All these activities are potential sources of environmental pollution with Li. However, the negative impact of Li on ecosystems, its specific role in the plants’ development, uptake mechanism, and response to the induced stress are not fully understood. In this sense, the Li uptake and changes induced by Li exposure in the major and trace element contents, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, and elemental composition of Salvinia natans were also investigated. The results showed that Salvinia natans grown in Li-enriched nutrient solutions accumulated much higher Li contents than those grown in spring waters with a low Li content. However, the Li bioaccumulation factor in Salvinia natans grown in Li-enriched nutrient solutions was lower (13.3–29.5) than in spring waters (13.0–42.2). The plants exposed to high Li contents showed a decrease in their K and photosynthetic pigments content, while their total antioxidant activity did not change substantially.

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“…Lithium salts are found in some natural mineral water (Dawson, 1991), vegetables and grains (0.5-3.4 mg/kg), meat (0.012 mg/kg) and dairy products (0.5 mg/kg) (Laurie Mischley, 2014). Additionally, lithium is utilized in industrial applications and domestic goods (Bonino et al, 2011;Kostik, Bauer, & Kavrakovski, 2014). On the contrary, lithium is absorbed completely in the gastrointestinal tract via Na + -Li + counter-transport, Na + -pumps, lithium-bicarbonate exchange or Na + -leak channels (Ayano, 2016) and is excreted mainly through the kidneys after nearly 24 hr (Freeman & Freeman, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal lithium chloride exposure alters the neuroendocrine‐cytokine axis in neonatal albino rats

Mohammed

Ahmed

2020

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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The aim of this work was to clarify whether maternal lithium chloride (LiCl) exposure disrupts the neonatal neuroendocrine‐cytokine axis. Pregnant Wistar rats were orally administrated 50 mg LiCl/kg b.wt. from gestational day (GD) 1 to postpartum day 28. Maternal administration of LiCl induced a hypothyroid state in both dams and their neonates compared to the control dams and neonates at lactation days (LDs) 14, 21 and 28, where the levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4) were decreased and the level of serum thyrotropin (TSH) level was increased. A noticeable depression in maternal body weight gain, neonatal body weight and neonatal serum growth hormone (GH) was observed on all examined postnatal days (PNDs; 14, 21 and 28). A single abortion case was recorded at GD 17, and three dead neonates were noted at birth in the LiCl‐treated group. Maternal administration of LiCl disturbed the levels of neonatal serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interferon‐gamma (INF‐γ), leptin, adiponectin and resistin at all tested PNDs compared to the control group. This administration produced a stimulatory action on the level of neonatal cerebral serotonin (5‐HT) at PND 14 and on the level of neonatal cerebral norepinephrine (NE) at PNDs 21 and 28. However, this administration produced an inhibitory action on the level of neonatal cerebral dopamine (DA) at all examined PNDs and on the level of neonatal cerebral NE at PND 14 and the level of neonatal cerebral 5‐HT at PNDs 21 and 28 compared to the corresponding control group. Thus, maternal LiCl exposure‐induced hypothyroidism disrupts the neonatal neuroendocrine‐cytokine system, which delay cerebral development.

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Lithium content in potable water, surface water, ground water, and mineral water on the territory of Republic of Macedonia

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Lithium‐Rich Mineral Water is a Highly Bioavailable Lithium Source for Human Consumption

Lithium‐Rich Mineral Water is a Highly Bioavailable Lithium Source for Human Consumption

Lithium Accumulation in Salvinia natans Free-Floating Aquatic Plant

Maternal lithium chloride exposure alters the neuroendocrine‐cytokine axis in neonatal albino rats

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