Lithium extraction from low-grade salt lake brine with ultrahigh Mg/Li ratio using TBP – kerosene – FeCl3 system

Shi, Dong; Cui, Bin; Li, Lijuan; Peng, Xiaowu; Zhang, Licheng; Zhang, Yuze

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.087

Cited by 111 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Metals in natural ores and electronic wastes are not in a pure form and contain a wide range of impurities, with valuable metals often existing as minority ions in the presence of abundant elements. For example, a high Mg/Li ratio—from several tens to hundreds—is reported for a number of major salt lake brines worldwide, which are important for Li + recovery ( Shi et al., 2019a ). Also, Liu et al.…”

Section: Electrochemical Separations For Selective Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical approaches for selective recovery of critical elements in hydrometallurgical processes of complex feedstocks

Kim¹,

Candeago²,

Rim³

et al. 2021

iScience

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Summary Critical minerals are essential for the ever-increasing urban and industrial activities in modern society. The shift to cost-efficient and ecofriendly urban mining can be an avenue to replace the traditional linear flow of virgin-mined materials. Electrochemical separation technologies provide a sustainable approach to metal recovery, through possible integration with renewable energy, the minimization of external chemical input, as well as reducing secondary pollution. In this review, recent advances in electrochemically mediated technologies for metal recovery are discussed, with a focus on rare earth elements and other key critical materials for the modern circular economy. Given the extreme heterogeneity of hydrometallurgically-derived media of complex feedstocks, we focus on the nature of molecular selectivity in various electrochemically assisted recovery techniques. Finally, we provide a perspective on the challenges and opportunities for process intensification in critical materials recycling, especially through combining electrochemical and hydrometallurgical separation steps.

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Section: Electrochemical Separations For Selective Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical approaches for selective recovery of critical elements in hydrometallurgical processes of complex feedstocks

Kim¹,

Candeago²,

Rim³

et al. 2021

iScience

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“…The TBP/FeCl 3 system has been intensively studied for the selective extraction of Li from high Mg‐Li ratio brines by other researchers, 14‐20 but the C923/FeCl 3 system has not been reported yet. The two systems are compared here for their extraction performance from a synthetic brine solution containing 0.10 mol·L −1 LiCl and 4.0 mol·L −1 MgCl 2 (Figure 2), which is a typical composition of concentrated brine 11,16,19 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Because of the low cost of TBP and FeCl 3 and the good Li/Mg selectivity of this solvent extraction system, it has been studied extensively. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In the synergic solvent extraction of Li by the TBP/FeCl 3 Cyanex 923 (C923, a commercial mixture of trialkyl phosphine oxides with mainly n-hexyl and n-octyl, shown in Figure 1) is a popular commercial neutral extractant that is similar to TBP. It has been used in the extraction of a wide range of metals, including rare earth elements (REEs), transition metals, and precious metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite selectivities of tri‐n‐butyl phosphate and Cyanex 923 in solvent extraction of lithium and magnesium

Binnemans

2021

AIChE Journal

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The synergic solvent extraction system of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and FeCl 3 (or ionic liquids, ILs) has been extensively studied for selective extraction of Li from Mg-containing brines. However, Cyanex 923 (C923), which extracts many metals stronger than TBP, has not yet been examined for Li/Mg separation. Here, we report on the unexpected observation that the C923/FeCl 3 system has opposite Li/Mg selectivity compared to the TBP/FeCl 3 system. Detailed investigations show that the opposite selectivity of the C923/FeCl 3 (or IL) system is due to three factors: (1) the strong extraction of Fe by C923 leads to a low concentration of [FeCl 4 ] − in the system, which is essential for Li extraction; (2) C923 in combination with an IL extracts Mg strongly by an ion-pair mechanism; (3) most importantly, C923 extracts Mg by solvation, resulting in an insufficient concentration of C923 for Li extraction. The unexpected poor Li/Mg selectivity of C923 highlights the irreplaceable role of TBP in the selective recovery of Li.

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“…TBP is commonly used neutral organophosphorus extractant, and the TBP/kerosene/FeCl 3 extraction system has been extensively investigated [176][177][178]. In this extraction system, TBP, kerosene and FeCl 3 are used as the extractant, diluent, and co-extractant, respectively.…”

Section: Organophosphorus System Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine

et al. 2020

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Rapid developments in the electric industry have promoted an increasing demand for lithium resources. Lithium in salt lake brines has emerged as the main source for industrial lithium extraction, owing to its low cost and extensive reserves. The effective separation of Mg 2? and Li ? is critical to achieving high recovery efficiency and purity of the final lithium product. This paper summarizes Mg 2? /Li ? separation materials and methods in the field of lithium recovery from salt lake brines. The review begins with an introduction to the global distribution and demand for lithium resources, followed by a description of the materials used in various separation techniques, including precipitation, adsorption, solvent extraction, nanofiltration membrane, electrodialysis, and electrochemical methods. A comparison, analysis, and outlook of such methods are comprehensively discussed in terms of principles, mechanisms, synthesis/operation, development, and industrial applications. We conclude with a presentation of challenges and insights into the future directions of lithium extraction from salt lake brines. A combination of the advantages of various materials is the most logical step toward developing novel methods for extracting lithium from brines with high separation selectivity, stability, low cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics.

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Lithium extraction from low-grade salt lake brine with ultrahigh Mg/Li ratio using TBP – kerosene – FeCl3 system

Cited by 111 publications

References 36 publications

Electrochemical approaches for selective recovery of critical elements in hydrometallurgical processes of complex feedstocks

Electrochemical approaches for selective recovery of critical elements in hydrometallurgical processes of complex feedstocks

Opposite selectivities of tri‐n‐butyl phosphate and Cyanex 923 in solvent extraction of lithium and magnesium

Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine

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