Lithium insertion into Li4V3O8

Electrochemical intercalation of lithium ions into LiV3O8 in an aqueous electrolyte

“…In order to understand the reasons for the capacity decay or fading, the electrochemical performance of the electrode materials in aqueous electrolytes should be well understood. In organic electrolyte, lithium intercalation behaviors of Li 1+x V 3 O 8 were reported [16][17][18][30][31][32]. These results indicates that lithium intercalation to Li 1+x V 3 O 8 proceeds as a single-phase reaction for 0 < x < 1.5∼2.0, followed by a two-phase reaction for 1.5∼2.0 < x < 3.2, and a singlephase reaction for 3.2 < x< 4.0.…”

“…The traditional synthesis method is the solid-state reaction between Li 2 CO 3 and V 2 O 5 at 680 • C [7,8]. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of Li 1+x V 3 O 8 , much effort has been made such as adaptation of the samples with different degrees of crystallinity [5,[9][10][11][12], introduction of alien atoms and molecules between the layers [9,[13][14][15], and the electrochemical profiles of Li 1+x V 3 investigated [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Furthermore, Li/LiV 3 O 8 battery system having relatively high energy density and high voltage was constructed and studied for practical use [24].…”

Topotactically synthesized ultralong LiV3O8 nanowire cathode materials for high-rate and long-life rechargeable lithium batteries

“…27 Three discharge plateaus located at B2.85 V, 2.60 V and 2.20 V can be identified as resulting from the single-phase insertion process, the two-phase transformation from Li 3 V 3 O 8 to Li 4 V 3 O 8 and the slower kinetic insertion process, respectively. 42,45,46 The initial discharge capacities at different current densities are compared (Figure 2c). It can be clearly seen that sample 450 exhibits the highest capacities at the current densities from 50 to 600 mA g À1 .…”

Structural characterization and electrochemical performance of lithium trivanadate synthesized by microwave sol–gel method

“…However, when doubling discharge rate at 0.4 mA/cm 2 , sharp capacity decay can be found. Capacity decay probably results from the incomplete reversibility of phase transformation between the LiV 3 O 8 and the Li 4 V 3 O 8 [19]. During charge stage, some of lithium ions are bonded strongly with O 2− to form thermodynamic stable structure, which leads the lithium ions cannot be extracted out of electrode completely.…”