Lithium Intercalation Cells Without Metallic Lithium: and

Abstract

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Constructing MoO2 Porous Architectures Using Graphene Oxide Flexible Supports for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

“…Another set of peaks 0.27 V/0.5 V related to the reversible conversion reaction LiMoO 2 + 3Li + + 3e − = > Mo + 4Li 2 O induces an additional capacity 627 mAh g −1 . [20] As the cycle increase from the 1st to the 2nd, next to the 5th, 10th, and 20th, it is amazing that the peak at 0.25 V of the MoO 2 /GO nanohoneycomb and layered MoO 2 /GO increases during the whole 20 cycles (Figure 6c,d), exhibiting a cycle induced activated process. Theses cycle induced activation process occurred in fine MoO 2 particles, especially nanoscale MoO 2 .…”

“…[17] However, the capacity of bulk MoO 2 is low due to sluggish lithiation/delithiation kinetics. [17][18][19][20] On the other hand, the nanoporous structure constructed with lots of interconnect nanounits to form numbers of nanoscale pore provides adequate spaces for electrochemical reaction and connected pathways for ion diffusion. [21,22] The nano-MoO 2 porous structures have been synthesized by using mesoporous silica as hard templates, followed removing this hard templates by hydrofluoric acid, [23] or by a sulfur-assisted decomposition process.…”

Beyond Intercalation‐Based Li‐Ion Batteries: The State of the Art and Challenges of Electrode Materials Reacting Through Conversion Reactions

“…The vast majority of the phases that contain transition metals in high oxidation states and possess a somewhat marked ionic character (i.e., oxides and fl uorides) electrochemically react by inserting lithium, thereby reducing the metal to a lower (oftentimes, its lowest) stable cationic state. Indeed, some of the compounds described in the previous section, such as MnO 2 , [ 41 ] MoO 3 , [ 301 ] MoO 2 , [ 302 ] RuO 2 , [ 303 ] or MoS 2 [ 4 ] were postulated as alternative electrode materials as far as 30 years ago precisely because of their ability to insert around 1 mole of lithium per formula unit. In turn, the redox activity of the phosphorus centres, due to the covalence of metallic phosphides, can result in extensive lithium insertion before conversion to Li 3 P and the metal is observed.…”

HP-MoO2: A High-Pressure Polymorph of Molybdenum Dioxide

“…5,[9][10][11][12][13] It can be found in the mineral tugarinovite (named after the geochemist Alexsey Ivanovich Tugarinov) 14 and shows a metal-like electric conductivity being unusual for transition-metal oxides. 15,16 It does not have a variety of technological applications such as MoO3 but there are some interesting approaches for usage as anode material in lithium-ion batteries, 15,[17][18][19][20] films for energy storage, 21 soft-magnetic and optical materials, [22][23][24] and as nanorods. 22,25 The synthesis of other oxides with metal ions in just one oxidation state probably cannot be achieved by conventional chemical methods, like oxidation or reduction.…”