Lithium-ion conductors of the system LiCo1−xFexO2: a first electrochemical investigation

Fe3+ and Ni3+ impurity distribution and electrochemical performance of LiCoO2 electrode materials for lithium ion batteries

“…The replacement of Co 3+ by both electrochemically active and inactive ions (such as Ni 3+ , Fe 3+ , Mn 4+ [7][8][9][10][11][12] and Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Mg 2+ , Ti 4+ [13][14][15][16][17][18], respectively) is a way to increase the capacity, to improve the oxide stability in delithiated state and to change the potential of the Li extraction and insertion. LiCoO 2 is capable to accommodate a small amount of excess of Li in the Colayers by creation of oxygen vacancies thus leading to Li 1+t Co 1−t O 2−t with t ∼ 0.04 [19,20].…”

“…Cobalt salts used for the production of LiCoO 2 contain usually impurities such as nickel and iron in concentrations less than 0.2%. In LiCoO 2 , both Ni 3+ and Fe 3+ ions substitute for Co 3+ ions [7][8][9][10]. While Ni 3+ ions adopt low-spin configuration with S = 1/2, Fe 3+ ions are in high spin configuration with S = 5/2.…”

Layered LiCo1−x Mg x O2 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5) cathode materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

“…The high cost and toxicity of Co, however, makes the use of LiCoO 2 restricted as a commercial cathode. To reduce the cost and to improve the cell voltage and specific energy, other transition metals such as Cr [7], Mn [8], Fe [9][10][11], Ni [11][12][13] and Rh [14] are used to partially substitute Co in LiCoO 2 . Non-transition metals such as Al, Ca and Mg, which have fixed oxidation states, are also used to particularly substitute Co. Ceder et al [15] have predicted, from first principles and also shown by experiment, that substitution of Al increases the potential as well as the performance of LiCoO 2 .…”

Structural, magnetic and electrochemical studies on LiCo0.5Fe0.5O2

“…The above results clearly demonstrate that the simple aqueous-based sol-gel process developed in this work provides a viable method to synthesize the fine cuboidal particles that display discharge capacity as high as ≈165 mAh/g, which is higher than the value obtained by M. Holzapfel et al [38] for their samples synthesized by using the ion exchange method. This work suggests that the approaches based on solution chemistry are viable processes for synthesizing good quality electrode material.…”