Lithium-ion transport in inorganic solid state electrolyte

Abstract

An overview of ion transport in lithium-ion inorganic solid state electrolytes is presented, aimed at exploring and designing better electrolyte materials. Ionic conductivity is one of the most important indices of the performance of inorganic solid state electrolytes. The general definition of solid state electrolytes is presented in terms of their role in a working cell (to convey ions while isolate electrons), and the history of solid electrolyte development is briefly summarized. Ways of using the available theoretical models and experimental methods to characterize lithium-ion transport in solid state electrolytes are systematically introduced. Then the various factors that affect ionic conductivity are itemized, including mainly structural disorder, composite materials and interface effects between a solid electrolyte and an electrode. Finally, strategies for future material systems, for synthesis and characterization methods, and for theory and calculation are proposed, aiming to help accelerate the design and development of new solid electrolytes.

Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Fundamentals, Challenges and Perspectives

“…And until now, no explicit theories into ion diffusion behaviors in disordered systems have been proposed; however, a few amorphous solid electrolytes have been reported to show higher ionic conductivities than crystalline or rigid solid electrolytes in laboratory settings in which the improvements may be due to the vast defects in the amorphous materials. In addition, researchers have also reported that the mixing of crystalline materials with amorphous glass can also enhance conductivity, which may be attributed to greater defects around the crystalline region [26].…”

“…Based on this, extensive research has been carried out recently among industrial and scientific communities to speed up innovation in this field [19][20][21][22], and although achievements have been made, the large-scale application of solid-state electrolytes still faces numerous problems ranging from fundamental understanding to industrial manufacturing [23][24][25]. For example, the mechanism of Li-ion transport remains controversial and has been fiercely debated by researchers for decades, especially around issues associated with Li-ion transport across the interface of anodes, solid-state electrolytes and cathodes, and is a major bottleneck in the practical application of all-solid-state batteries [26]. In addition, aside from the development of advanced characterization techniques, more visual results and direct evidence are required to promote the understanding of fundamentals [27][28][29].…”

Promises, Challenges, and Recent Progress of Inorganic Solid‐State Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

“…[3b,17] As for more details on the ion‐transport mechanisms, the readers can refer to several typical review papers published recently. [7b,10c,11,13,18]…”

Dependence of Ion Transport on the Electronegativity of the Constituting Atoms in Ionic Crystals

“…The ionic conductivity ( ) of electrodes and solid electrolytes plays a key role in the performance of Li‐based batteries (LiB). Many experimental and theoretical studies have thus been devoted to measuring in LiB materials . The two most common types of defects in ionic crystals are Schottky and Frenkel defects.…”

“…Many experimental and theoretical studies have thus been devoted to measuring s in LiB materials. [1][2][3][4][5] The two most commont ypes of defects in ionic crystals are Schottky and Frenkeld efects. The Schottky disorder consists of pairs of vacant anionsa nd cations whereas the Frenkel disorder consists of pairs of vacant and interstitial anionso rc ations.…”