Lithium — Metal of the Future

Mahi, P.; Smeets, A. A. J.; Fray, Derek J.; Charles, J. A.

doi:10.1007/bf03257617

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Potential methods to win lithium from pegmatites, natural brines, and clays have been discussed. [15][16][17] The carbonate is then converted to the chloride with the action of a chlorinating agent such as hydrogen chloride. Table IV gives the salient features of the electrolytic reduction process.…”

Section: Lithium Metallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward new technologies for the production of lithium

Sadoway

1998

JOM

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Overview LithiumThe lightest of all metals, lithium is used in a variety of applications, including the production of organolithium compounds, as an alloying addition to aluminum and magnesium, and as the anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. All of the world's primary lithium is produced by molten salt electrolysis. This article reviews the current technology for lithium extraction and assesses the prospects for change.

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Section: Lithium Metallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward new technologies for the production of lithium

Sadoway

1998

JOM

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“…Common metal reduction agents include magnesium, aluminum, silicon and their alloys. The U.S. Bureau of Mines has investigated the carbon thermal reduction of spodumene at 1680 °C, and it is thought that various carbide formations were present in these reaction mixtures [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracting lithium from a lithium aluminate complex by vacuum aluminothermic reduction

Peng

Wang

et al. 2018

J min metall B Metall

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The molten salt electrolysis of LiCl-KCl is presently the primary method of producing lithium, but it is costly and has environmental issues in addition to other disadvantages. Vacuum thermal reduction may be used extensively in the future because it offers low energy consumption, a high purity product and short cycle times. The present study investigated a novel process for the extraction of lithium from Li 5 AlO 4 clinker by vacuum aluminothermic reduction. The Li 5 AlO 4 clinker was prepared in ambient air using lithium hydroxide, alumina and calcium oxide. The results show that this process can proceed in conjunction with a lower ratio of raw materials to lithium (8.89:1) and provides lithium reduction rates in excess of 97%. In addition, the reduction slag consists mainly of 12CaO•7Al 2 O 3 , which can be used to produce aluminum hydroxide. Thus, this process represents a highly efficient and environmentally-friendly method of generating lithium.

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“…Currently, the only way in industry to produce metallic Li is by electrowinning from molten LiCl-KCl at about 450 °C [1][2][3][4][5] . LiCl-KCl is the only electrolyte used, because they presents a lower eutectic temperature and KCl shows a slightly higher theoretical decomposition voltage than LiCl, as shown in Table 1.The produced metallic Li generally contains 1-2 wt% impurities including Na, K, Al, Ca, Mg, Si, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Removal of Impurity Mg from LiCl‐KCl Melts

Li¹,

Miao²,

Li³

et al. 2011

EPD Congress 2011

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As a main impurity in primary lithium metal, magnesium is difficult to remove because of the very close relative volatility of the two metals. Electrochemical refining provides a possibility to completely remove Mg in the LiCl-KCl melt prior to Li reduction. MgCl 2 reduction processes in LiCl-KCl-MgCl 2 melt were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry. Then potentiostatic electrolysis was carried out and Mg ( ) ion was reduced onto a liquid lead cathode from the LiCl-KCl-MgCl 2 melt at the Mg deposition potential. The results show that Mg ( ) is reduced in one step with two-electron transfer. The reduction potential of Mg ( ) was well defined. The reduction of Mg( ) results in Li ( ) underpotential deposition at 0.2V more negative potential than that of Mg( ) reduction. Therefore, in order to prevent Li ( ) from codeposition with Mg, accurately controlling Mg ( ) reduction potential during the potentiostatic electrolysis was necessary. Ninety three to 99 % removal rate of MgCl 2 was achieved after 8-12 h electrolysis when liquid lead was used as cathode.

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Lithium — Metal of the Future

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Toward new technologies for the production of lithium

Toward new technologies for the production of lithium

Extracting lithium from a lithium aluminate complex by vacuum aluminothermic reduction

Electrochemical Removal of Impurity Mg from LiCl‐KCl Melts

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