Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Switching

Okayama, Hideaki

doi:10.1007/0-387-29159-8_2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Over the years, many approaches have been proposed for realizing optical switches [139,150], such as electro-optic (mainly in Ti:LiNbO 3 ) [151][152][153][154][155], acousto-optic [156][157][158], thermooptic [159][160][161][162][163], liquid crystals [164][165][166][167], microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [168][169][170][171][172][173] and semiconductor optical amplifiers [174][175][176][177][178][179]. These devices require expensive equipment and could be replaced by Si photonics integrated circuits to comply with the requirements of miniaturization and cost-effectiveness [180], through mass manufacturability [181].…”

Section: Graphene-based Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based integrated photonics for next-generation datacom and telecom

Romagnoli¹,

Sorianello²,

et al. 2018

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Graphene is an ideal material for optoelectronic applications. Its photonic properties give several advantages and complementarities over Si photonics. For example, graphene enables both electro-absorption and electro-refraction modulation with an electro-optical index change exceeding 10 −3 . It can be used for optical add-drop multiplexing with voltage control, eliminating the current dissipation used for the thermal detuning of microresonators, and for thermoelectric-based ultrafast optical detectors that generate a voltage without transimpedance amplifiers. Here, we present our vision for graphene-based integrated photonics. We review graphene-based transceivers and compare them with existing technologies. Strategies for improving power consumption, manufacturability and wafer-scale integration are addressed. We outline a roadmap of the technological requirements to meet the demands of the datacom and telecom markets. We show that graphene based integrated photonics could enable ultrahigh spatial bandwidth density , low power consumption for board connectivity and connectivity between data centres, access networks and metropolitan, core, regional and long-haul optical communications.Photonics is poised to play an increasingly important role in ICT ( Fig. 1a), since the fixed high capacity links are largely based on photonic technologies. Photonic devices need to support ultra-large bandwidth operation, for example, 200 Tb s−1 in a single fibre[9] and >10 Tb s −1 cm −2 in integrated Si photonics chips [10]. To achieve this, the key components of Si photonics, photodetectors and modulators, need very high performances in terms of speed (≥25 Gb s −1 ), footprint (<1 mm 2 ), insertion loss (<4 dB), manufacturability (>10 6 pieces per year) and power consumption (<1 pJ bit −1 ). To date, these requirements have not been fulfilled in one system [11]. Furthermore, in terms of production volumes, photonics is not yet comparable to microelectronics [12], even if the increase in demand for optical networks would, by 2021, lead to an average global Internet Protocol (IP) traffic of 3.3 ZB (zettabytes), corresponding to an average usage data rate of ~800 Tb s −1 (refs[13,14]). In the context of the IoT[7], other applications, including infrared (IR) sensors, biosensors, environmental sensors, metrology, quantum communications and machine vision, will require even larger production volumes [13,15].The telecom network can be divided into three segments: access, aggregation and core (Fig. 1a). The access network is the interface between subscribers and the immediate service provider. The aggregation network aggregates all the input data streams from tributary access networks, converging towards the higher-level core network. The aggregation network includes local and metropolitan networks, which then converge to regional networks. A local area network (LAN) interconnects computers within a limited area, such as a residence, school, laboratory, university or office building. A metropolitan area network (MAN) interconnects us...

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Section: Graphene-based Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based integrated photonics for next-generation datacom and telecom

Romagnoli¹,

Sorianello²,

et al. 2018

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“…Electro-optic modulators according to the scheme of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer [39][40][41] are the most widely used in fiberoptic transmission systems. The operation of such modulators is based on the transverse Pockels effect (the external electric field is perpendicular to the direction of light propagation), and lithium niobate is usually used as a material.…”

Section: Electro-optic Mach-zehnder Modulator 21 Electro-optic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This happens at the modulation frequencies Thus, the use of this modulation format leads to significant performance degradation of the fiber-optic link. At modulation frequencies (39), transmission of the optical signals is completely suppressed.…”

Section: Generation Of Optical Signals Resistant To Dispersion-inducementioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Optical Signals Resistant to Dispersion-Induced Power Degradation

Shcherbakov¹,

Solodkov²,

Zadernovsky³

2019

RENSIT

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Contents 1. IntroduCtIon (161) 2. eleCtro-optIC MaCh-Zehnder Modulator (163) 2.1. eleCtro-optIC effeCt (163) 2.2. operatIon prInCIple of the eleCtro-optIC MaCh-Zehnder Modulator (165) 2.3. BalanCed MaCh-Zehnder Modulator (165) 2.4. dual-drIve MaCh-Zehnder Modulator (167) 3. ModulatIon forMats of dual-drIve MaCh-Zehnder Modulator (168) 3.1. douBle-sIdeBand-wIth-CarrIer (dsB+C) ModulatIon forMat (169) 3.2. sIngle-sIdeBand-wIth-CarrIer (ssB+C) ModulatIon forMat (169) 3.3. douBle-sIdeBand-wIth-suppressedcarrier (DSB+SС) moDulation format (171) 4. transportatIon of optICal sIgnals over a fIBer (171) 4.1. transportatIon of the douBle-sIdeBand-wIth-CarrIer (dsB+C) ModulatIon sIgnal (172) 4.2. transportatIon of the sIngle-sIdeBand-wIth-CarrIer (ssB+C) ModulatIon sIgnal (172) 4.3. transportatIon of the douBle-sIdeBand-wIth-suppressed-CarrIer (DSB+SС) moDulation Signal (173) 5. ConClusIon (173) referenCes (174) 1. INTRODUCTION Analog fiber-optic transmission systems remain in demand for various applications. Among them: on-board fiber-optic networks, antenna systems remote from the control and signal processing points, signal distribution systems for either on-board radars or ground-based radars with phased antenna arrays, radioover-fiber systems, CATV networks, remote

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A fixed phase tunable directional coupler based on coupling tuning

Yang,

Weiss,

Arianfard

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The field of photonic integrated circuits has witnessed significant progress in recent years, with a growing demand for devices that offer high-performance reconfigurability. Due to the inability of conventional tunable directional couplers (TDCs) to maintain a fixed phase while tuning the reflectivity, Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are employed as the primary building blocks for reflectivity tuning in constructing large-scale circuits. However, MZIs are prone to fabrication errors due to the need for perfect balanced directional couplers to achieve 0-1 reflectivity, which hinders their scalability. In this study, we introduce a design of a TDC based on coupling constant tuning in the thin film Lithium Niobate platform and present an optimized design. Our optimized TDC design enables arbitrary reflectivity tuning while ensuring a consistent phase across a wide range of operating wavelengths. Furthermore, it exhibits fewer bending sections than MZIs and is inherently resilient to fabrication errors in waveguide geometry and coupling length compared to both MZIs and conventional TDCs. Our work contributes to developing high-performance photonic integrated circuits with implications for various fields, including optical communication systems and quantum information processing.

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Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Switching

Cited by 5 publications

References 89 publications

Graphene-based integrated photonics for next-generation datacom and telecom

Graphene-based integrated photonics for next-generation datacom and telecom

Generation of Optical Signals Resistant to Dispersion-Induced Power Degradation

A fixed phase tunable directional coupler based on coupling tuning

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