Lithofacies and Granulometric Characteristics of the Kallamedu Formation, Ariyalur Group, South India: Implications on Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Events

Ramkumar, Mu.; Sugantha, T.; Rai, Jyotsana

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32917-3_15

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Singh and Rajamani (2001) attested this inference and suggested the prevalence of this phenomenon on a regional basinal-continental scale. Richards et al (2016) and Mio-Pliocene were reported by Ramkumar et al (2005Ramkumar et al ( , 2011Ramkumar et al ( and 2013. These observations also support the inference of denudation and scanty extents of regoliths in specific parts of the basins, especially along/adjoining major structural trends and basin peripheries which in turn were influenced by pre-existing structures from Early…”

Section: Relationships Between Geomorphometric Parameters and Implisupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Extensive studies have been carried out on the tectonic (Acharyya & Lahiri, ; Balakrishnan, ; Banerjee, Vaz, Sengupta, & Bagchi, ; Biswas, ; Banerjee, Bürgmann, Nagarajan, & Apel, ; Lal, Siawal, & Kaul, ; Dev, Radhakrishna, Chand, & Subrahmanyam, ; Ramkumar et al, ), geomorphic (Reddy & Shah, ; Agarwal, Dotiwala, Mitra, & Bhoj, ; Nair, ; Allison, Khan, Goodbred, & Kuehl, ; Avinash, Deepika, & Jayappa, ; Ramkumar et al, ), and basin evolution (Banerji, ; Mathur & Nair, ; Chari, Sahu, Banerjee, Zutshi, & Chandra, ; Radhakrishna, Chand, & Subrahmanyam, ; Jayalakshmi, Nair, Kumai, & Santosh, ) histories of the Indian sedimentary and river basins, coastal deltas, and offshore regions. Although these studies applied a variety of tools (e.g., Bhatt & Bhonde, ; Campanile, Nambiar, Bishop, Widdowson, & Brown, ; Karisiddaiah, Veerayya, & Vora, ; Kale & Vaidyanadhan, ; Kunte & Wagle, ; Ramkumar, ; Ramkumar, ; Ramkumar, Pattabhi Ramayya, & Gandhi, ; Ramkumar, ; Ramkumar et al, , ; Ramkumar, ; Ramkumar et al, , ; Sensarma, Rajamani, & Tripathi, ; Singh, Parkash, & Singhvi, ; Sinha & Tandon, ), there has not yet been a systematic synthesis to understand the landscape evolution at a regional scale. Given cognizance to these, in this paper, we compile the available information on tectono‐geomorphic evolution of southern Peninsular India and supplemented it with morphometric and field data of selected river basins for construction of regional landscape developmental history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive studies have been carried out on the tectonic (Acharyya & Lahiri, 1991;Balakrishnan, 2001;Banerjee, Vaz, Sengupta, & Bagchi, 2001;Biswas, 2005;Banerjee, Bürgmann, Nagarajan, & Apel, 2008;Lal, Siawal, & Kaul, 2009;Dev, Radhakrishna, Chand, & Subrahmanyam, 2012;Ramkumar et al, 2016), geomorphic (Reddy & Shah, 1991;Agarwal, Dotiwala, Mitra, & Bhoj, 1996;Nair, 1999;Allison, Khan, Goodbred, & Kuehl, 2003;Avinash, Deepika, & Jayappa, 2013;Ramkumar et al, 2017), and basin evolution (Banerji, 1984;Mathur & Nair, 1993;Chari, Sahu, Banerjee, Zutshi, & Chandra, 1995;Radhakrishna, Chand, & Subrahmanyam, 2000;Jayalakshmi, Nair, Kumai, & Santosh, 2004) histories of the Indian sedimentary and river basins, coastal deltas, and offshore regions. Although these studies applied a variety of tools (e.g., Bhatt & Bhonde, 2006;Campanile, Nambiar, Bishop, Widdowson, & Brown, 2007;Karisiddaiah, Veerayya, & Vora, 2002;Kale & Vaidyanadhan, 2014;Kunte & Wagle, 2000;Ramkumar, 1999;Ramkumar, 2000;Ramkumar, Pattabhi Ramayya, & Gandhi, 2000;Ramkumar, 2003;Ramkumar et al, 2004Ramkumar et al, , 2005Ramkumar, 2008;Ramkumar et al, 2011Ramkumar et al, , 2013Sensarma, Rajamani, & Tripathi, 2008;…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tectono‐morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani River basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and transience of Southern Indian landscape

et al. 2019

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Peninsular India is an amalgam of transient landscapes evolved from the interactions between tectonic and climatic forcings. In order to appraise the tectono‐geomorphic evolution of South India, it is essential to understand the relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic processes and their geomorphic expressions at a river basin scale. Seven geomorphometric parameters, namely, longitudinal profile (Lp), asymmetry factor (Af), hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral (HI), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), river sinuosity (R), stream length gradient (Sl), and shape factor (Shp) were calculated for selected drainage basins of South India. Spatial analyses of these parameters in the light of systematic field mapping were attempted in this study. The results show the occurrences of southern sub‐basins with convex hypsometric curves indicating a youth stage and significant tectonic influence. The low and moderate Smf values within the basins are indicative of mountain fronts witnessing a high level of tectonic activity. The net effects of tectonic and geomorphometric processes are inferred to have been the responses of anti‐clockwise rotation of the Indian Plate and ridge uplift‐push from west. Directional change in Thamirabarani River Basin and drainage channel reorganizations in the Cauvery and Vaigai River basins stand testimony to these, among others. Amidst these, occurrences of tectonically quiescent regions and multiple incisions by river channels and flow of modern river channels in inherited palaeovalleys but on tangent directions of ancient flows are also observed. Five stages of landscape development are envisaged: First, inheritance of river basins from palaeodrainage systems; second, reversal of river flow directions during early part of Cenozoic and inception of evolution of modern river systems; third, during Miocene–Pliocene; fourth, during Pleistocene–Early Holocene; and fifth, during the Holocene–Anthropocene. The recent resurgence of tectonics is not only reflected in the shifting of axial rivers, but is also evidenced by seismicity and landslides/faulting. Together, transient nature of the Southern Indian Plate, first‐order control of tectonics, followed by climate and lithology over landscape evolution, inheritance of river valleys, synonymy of river basin responses to intrinsic and extrinsic geomorphic processes, however with unique signatures and basin‐scale responses, are inferred. Detailed morphometric studies and supplementation with precise age data may fine‐tune the proposed model. According to the model, inheritance of Mesozoic valley/structures during Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, drainage reversal and initiation of Cenozoic–Recent river basin evolution, intense peneplanation during Miocene–Pliocene, intense incision during Pleistocene, periodic climatic extremes during Early Cenozoic, Palaeocene–Eocene, Oligocene and corresponding pedogenesis, and terrace formation and sedimentation have been recognized. Based on the numerical ages and documentation of basin‐scale distribution of s...

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Section: Relationships Between Geomorphometric Parameters and Implisupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tectono‐morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani River basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and transience of Southern Indian landscape

et al. 2019

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“…Kale et al () identified ~8 ka to ~2 ka old flood deposits in the Upper Kaveri River. This information, together with the reports of burial‐unearthing of the Srirangam temple >2000 years ago, recurrences of major floods and inundation under flood waters and burial of parts of the temple complex and surrounding regions under flood deposits during ad 1257, ad 1198, between ad 1430–1496, and most recently during the years 1924, 1952, 1954, 1965, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2005, etc., provide evidence for the vulnerability of the region/island (Ramkumar, ; Ramkumar et al, , ) to flood inundation since historic past.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flood inundation and burial of contemporaneous earth‐surface and man‐made structures of Srirangam Island and adjoining flood plains have been occurring since prehistoric times (e.g. Kale et al, ; Ramkumar, ; Ramkumar et al, ; Ramkumar, Sugantha, & Rai, ). In addition, many structures have been relegated to oblivion by desecration during historic wars (Aiyangar, ; Rao, ; Sastri & Sastri, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of buried historical structures in the Kaveri–Kollidam interfluve, southern India

Ramkumar

Kumaraswamy

Balasubramani

et al. 2018

Archaeological Prospection

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The Srirangam interfluve, formed between the Kaveri and Kollidam Rivers in southern India, has been a religious and cultural human settlement for over 2000 years of recorded history. It contains thousands of ancient, yet in use, man-made structures.Owing to its geographic location, and episodic catastrophic floods from the Kaveri and Kollidam Rivers, the region has been inundated frequently leading to the burial of many smaller structures. Thematic maps of geomorphology, vegetation index, land use, digital elevation model, slope, etc., have been generated through multi-temporal remote sensing satellite images. A compilation of historic (stone inscriptions, temple documents) and literature data followed by detailed survey of the region using vertical electrical sounding (VES) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) through 200 and 400 MHz shielded antennas has led to the discovery of several buried manmade structures at various depths ranging from 0.54 to 3.55 m below ground level (b.g.l.) that were known only in the literature, hearsay and folklore. The VES, GPR and field surveys delineated four major soil/sediment horizons below the ground surface. Sedimentological characteristics of a massive river sand bed found overlying a weathered zone suggest deposition during a major catastrophic flood. The occurrence of flood deposits burying historic structures especially adjoining the regional tectonic structure indicate episodically active climatic and tectonic processes that played a significant role in the burial of ancient-historic land surface and manmade structures that were under desolation after invasion and desecration by war-lords of yore. This study demonstrates the potential of combining traditional knowledge and modern technologies to gain insights to locate historic/archaeological sites and discover buried structures.

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Opportunistic colonizers in the Kallankurichchi Formation, Cauvery Basin, South India: Implications on Maastrichtian environmental stress

Ramkumar

Siddiqui

Rai³

et al. 2020

Geological Journal

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Serpulids are marine filter-feeding annelids that live in calcareous tubes. Their distribution, colonization, and proliferation are dependent on physical environmental variables, including energy conditions. This article documents the occurrences of serpulid colonies over opportunistic colonizing trace fossil of Ophiomorpha-rich sedimentary unit in the Lower Maastrichtian Kallankurichchi Formation of the Ariyalur Group, Cauvery Basin, South India and links them with ecosystem dynamics, as a function of changes in eustatic and other relative sea-level changes and attendant variations in environmental parameters. Present observations indicate episodic changes in faunal composition, diversity, and population, across the boundary between Kattupiringiyam Inoceramus limestone Member and Tancem biostromal Member of the Kallankurichchi Formation. The boundary marked a significant change from lowmoderate energy, to high-energy waters, thus replacing a filter-feeding community by an opportunistic community. The opportunistic colonizers/trace makers of Ophiomorpha irregulaire occupied the ecospaces vacated by the sea-level changes.Systematic studies of faunal association across the boundary indicate a sudden appearance of significant populations of Serpula colonies above the surface (i.e., after the changes in ecosystem conditions) and enhancement of intensity of sponge boring in benthic organisms. This means that the changes brought about by the newer environmental conditions were supportive for opportunistic colonizers followed by parasitic and commensalic organisms. Significant reduction of Gryphaea population that was increasingly replaced by Alectryonia, Exogyra, and Terebratula is also documented. These changes, collectively, indicate prevalent environmental stress due to relative sea-level variations and attendant ecological conditions, to which, the opportunistic colonizers and parasitic organisms responded positively, while the native organisms dwindled in population and were forced to parasitic invasions.

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Lithofacies and Granulometric Characteristics of the Kallamedu Formation, Ariyalur Group, South India: Implications on Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Events

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

Tectono‐morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani River basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and transience of Southern Indian landscape

Tectono‐morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani River basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and transience of Southern Indian landscape

Discovery of buried historical structures in the Kaveri–Kollidam interfluve, southern India

Opportunistic colonizers in the Kallankurichchi Formation, Cauvery Basin, South India: Implications on Maastrichtian environmental stress

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