Lithology, chemistry, age, and origin of the Proterozoic Cardenas Basalt, Grand Canyon, Arizona

Larson, Edward J.; Patterson, Penny E.; Mutschler, Felix E.

doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)90108-2

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Noble (1914) divided the Unkar Group into fi ve formations, excluding the Cardenas Basalt, but the stratigraphy was later revised by Beus et al (1974) to include the Cardenas Lavas within the Unkar Group. The use of the term Cardenas Lava(s) is well engrained in the literature (Hendricks andStevenson, 1990, 2003); however, we use the term Cardenas Basalt after Larson et al (Larson et al, 1994) as the preferred name for the voluminous basalt and basaltic andesite at the top of the Unkar Group. Noble (1914), Sears (1973), and Timmons et al (2001Timmons et al ( , 2003 mapped the structures in the Unkar Group.…”

Section: Background Of Grand Canyon Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elston and McKee (1982) reported an Rb/Sr age for whole-rock samples of the Cardenas Basalt of 1070 ± 70 Ma. This age was refi ned by Larson et al (1994) to 1103 ± 66 Ma based on additional Rb/Sr data. New Ar-Ar data from two diabase sills yield precise ages that may also better constrain the timing of Cardenas activity ( Fig.…”

Section: Cardenas Basalt Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Larson et al (1994) suggested that the range in K/Ar dates represents apparent ages and is an artifact of an alteration/heating event at low temperatures, perhaps related to Neoproterozoic rifting . Hence the designation of a Grand Canyon "orogeny" should be discontinued and replaced by "Neoproterozoic (ca.…”

Section: Cardenas Basalt Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tectonic inferences from the ca. 1255–1100 Ma Unkar Group and Nankoweap Formation, Grand Canyon: Intracratonic deformation and basin formation during protracted Grenville orogenesis

Timmons

Karlstrom

Heizler

et al. 2005

Geol Soc America Bull

105

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The Unkar Group of the Grand Canyon Supergroup is one of the best-preserved remnants of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in the southwestern United States. It provides an exceptional record of intracratonic basin formation and associated tectonics kinematically compatible with protracted "Grenville-age" NW-directed shortening. New U/Pb age determinations from an airfall tephra at the base of the Unkar Group dates the onset of deposition at ca. 1255 Ma, and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar K-feldspar thermochronology in the Grand Canyon indicates that basement rocks cooled through 150 °C between ca. 1300 and 1250 Ma, refi ning exhumation rates of basement rocks just prior to Unkar deposition. Abrupt thickness and facies changes in conglomerate and dolomite of the Bass Formation (lower Unkar Group) associated with NE-striking monoclinal fl exures indicate NW-directed synsedimen-tary contraction at ca. 1250 Ma. A large disconformity (~75 m.y. duration) is inferred between the lower and upper Unkar Group and is located below the upper Hakatai Shale, as documented by detrital zircons. A second style of Unkar Group deformation involved the development of half grabens and full grabens that record NE-SW extension on NW-striking, high-angle normal faults. Several observations indicate that NW-striking normal faulting was concurrent with upper Unkar deposition, mafi c magmatism, and early Nankoweap deposition: (1) intraformational faulting in the Bass Formation, (2) intraformational faulting in the 1070 Ma (old Rb/Sr date) Cardenas Basalt and lower Nankoweap Formation, (3) syntectonic relationships between Dox deposition and 1104 Ma (new Ar/Ar date) diabase intrusion, and (4) an angular unconformity between UnkarGroup and Nankoweap strata. The two tectonic phases affecting the Unkar Group (ca. 1250 Ma and ca. 1100 Ma) provide new insight into tectonics of southern Laurentia:(1) Laramide-style (monoclines) deformation in the continental interior at ca. 1250 Ma records Grenville-age shortening; and (2) ca. 1100 Ma detrital muscovite (Ar/Ar) and zircon (U/Pb) indicate an Unkar Group source in the Grenville-age highlands of southwestern Laurentia during development of NWstriking extensional basins. We conclude that far-fi eld stresses related to Grenville-age orogenesis (NW shortening and orthogonal NE-SW extension) dominated the sedimentary and tectonic regime of southwestern Laurentia from 1250 to 1100 Ma.

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Section: Background Of Grand Canyon Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardenas Basalt Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tectonic inferences from the ca. 1255–1100 Ma Unkar Group and Nankoweap Formation, Grand Canyon: Intracratonic deformation and basin formation during protracted Grenville orogenesis

Timmons

Karlstrom

Heizler

et al. 2005

Geol Soc America Bull

105

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“…In central Laurentia, enormous volumes of basaltic lavas (Keweenawan basalts) and related intrusive rocks were emplaced during development of the Midcontinent Rift system at ~1 1 0 0 Ma (Basaltic Volcanism Project, 1981;Berg and Klewin, 1988;Klewin and Berg, 1991). Larson et al (1994) Fig. is characterized by less voluminous but widespread sills, dikes, and lavas (Hammond, 1986(Hammond, , 1990Larson et al, 1994).…”

Section: Comparison W I T H Coeval Basaltic Magmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Mesoproterozoic basaltic magmatism in west Texas

Barnes

Shannon

Kargi

1999

Rocky Mountain Geology

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TWO distinct basaltic suites characterize ~1165-to 1120-Ma magmatism in west Tbxas. The ~1 1 6 3 Ma Pecos mafic intrusive complex consists of layered mafic and ultramafic rocks. Megacyclic units record repeated influx and mixing of tholeiitic magmas to yield a predominantly noritic body. Basaltic magmatism also accompanied emplacement of the 1120 f 35-Ma Red Bluff granitic suite in the Franklin Mountains. In terms of their major elements, these basaltic rocks are transitional between tholeiitic and alkaline, but their low concentrations of Nb suggest a subduction-related origin. Except for their low Nb contents, the Franklin Mountains basaltic rocks are similar to coeval basaltic intrusive and volcanic rocks in the southwestern U.S.A. Of the numerous proposed tectonic settings, an extensional environment is preferred. Possible extensional associations include splays of the Midcontinent Rift, rifting caused by collision of a continental fragment during the Grenville orogeny, and extension related to collapse of over-thickened crust during the Grenville event. The low Nb contents of basalts associated with Franklin Mountains basaltic rocks are best explained as an artifact of older subduction, which modified the mantle source of the basalts hundreds of millions of years prior to their emplacement.

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“…Further, the occurrence of such features as ca. 1.17 Ga alkaline syenite at Pajarito Mountain in New Mexico (Kelley 1968), the 1.1 Ga Apache Group (Silver 1978;Wrucke 1989Wrucke , 1993, and the Unkar Group Larson et al 1994) in Arizona, and the ca. 1.08 Ga Pahrump Group rocks in the Death Valley region of southern California (Lanphere et al 1964;Heaman and Grotzinger 1992;Wright and Prave 1993), all of which have been interpreted as deposited in rift basins, led Bickford et al (2000) to propose that a major transcurrent fault system extended across southern Laurentia that began ca.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tectonic Evolution of the Adirondack Mountains and Grenville Orogen Inliers within the USA

McLelland

Selleck

Bickford³

2013

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Recent investigations in geochronology and tectonics provide important new insights into the evolution of the Grenville Orogen in North America. Here, we summarize results of this research in the USA and focus upon ca. 1.4–0.98 Ga occurrences extending from the Adirondack Mountains to the southern Appalachians and Texas. Recent geochronology (mainly by U/Pb SHRIMP) establishes that these widely separated regions experienced similar tectonomagmatic events, i.e., the Elzevirian (ca. 1.25–1.22 Ga), Shawinigan (ca. 1.2–1.14 Ga), and Grenvillian (ca. 1.09–0.98 Ga) orogenies and associated plate interactions. Notwithstanding these commonalities, Nd model ages and Pb isotopic mapping has revealed important differences that are best explained by the existence of contrasting compositions of deep crustal reservoirs beneath the Adirondacks and the southern Appalachians. The isotopic compositions for the Adirondacks lie on the same Pb–Pb array as those for the Grenville Province, the Granite-Rhyolite Province and the Grenvillian inliers of Texas suggesting that they all developed on Laurentian crust. On the other hand, data from the southern Appalachians are similar to those of the Sunsas Terrane in Brazil and suggest that Amazonian crust with these Pb–Pb characteristics was thrust onto eastern Laurentia during its Grenvillian collision with Amazonia and subsequently transferred to the latter during the late Neoproterozoic breakup of the supercontinent, Rodinia, and the formation of the Iapetus Ocean. The ca. 1.3–1.0 Ga Grenville Orogen is also exposed in the Llano Uplift of Texas and in small inliers in west Texas and northeast Mexico. The Llano Uplift contains evidence for a major collision with a southern continent at ca. 1.15–1.12 Ga (Kalahari Craton?), magmatic arcs, and back-arc and foreland basins, all of which are reviewed. The Grenvillian Orogeny is considered to be the culminating tectonic event that terminated approximately 500 m.y. of continental margin growth along southeastern Laurentia by accretion, continental margin arc magmatism, and metamorphism. Accordingly, we briefly review the tectonic and magmatic histories of these Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic pre-Grenvillian orogens, i.e., Penokean, Yavapai, and Mazatzal as well as the Granite-Rhyolite Province and discuss their ~5000 km transcontinental span.SOMMAIREDes recherches récentes en géochronologie et en tectonique révèlent d’importants faits nouveaux sur l’évolution de l’orogénie de Grenville en Amérique du Nord. Nous présentons ici un sommaire des résultats de cet effort de recherche aux USA en mettant l’accent sur les indices datés entre env. 1,4 et 0,98 Ga, à partir des monts Adirondack jusqu’au sud des Appalaches et au Texas. Des données géochronologiques récentes (par microsonde SHRIMP principalement) indiquent que les roches de ces régions très éloignées les unes des autres ont subies l’effet d’épisodes tectonomagmatiques similaires, par exemple, aux orogenèses de l’Elzévirien (env. 1.25–1.22 Ga), de Shawinigan (env. 1.2–1.14 Ga), et du Grenvillien (env. 1.09–0.98 Ga), ainsi que des interactions des plaques associées. Malgré ces points communs, la chronologie Nd et la cartographie isotopique Pb a révélé des différences importantes qui s’expliquent plus aisément par des compositions contrastées des réservoirs profonds de croûte sous les Adirondacks et le sud des Appalaches. Les compositions isotopiques des Adirondacks sont de la même gamme Pb-Pb que ceux de la Province de Grenville, de la Province Granite-rhyolite et des boutonnières grenvilliennes du Texas, suggérant qu'ils se sont tous développées sur la croûte des Laurentides. Par ailleurs, les données des Appalaches du sud sont semblables à celles du terrane de Sunsas au Brésil, ce qui incite à penser que la croûte amazonienne, avec de telles caractéristiques Pb-Pb, a été poussée sur la portion est de Laurentia lors de sa collision grenvillienne avec l’Amazonie puis laissée à cette dernière au cours de la rupture du supercontinent Rodinia vers la fin du Néoprotérozoïque, avec la formation de l'océan Iapetus. L’orogène de Grenville (1,3 à 1,0 Ga env.) est également exposé dans le soulèvement de Llano au Texas et dans de petites boutonnières dans l'ouest du Texas et le nord du Mexique. Le soulèvement de Llano montre des indices d'une collision majeure avec un continent au sud, entre env. 1,15 et 1,12 Ga (craton de Kalahari?), des zones d’arcs magmatiques, d'arrière-arc et de bassin d'avant-pays, chacun étant présenté ci-dessous. L'orogenèse de Grenville est considéré comme l'événement tectonique culminant qui marqué la fin d’une période d’environ 500 ma d’accroissement de la marge continentale le long de la bordure sud-est de la Laurentie, par accrétion, magmatisme d’arc de marge continentale, et métamorphisme. C’est pourquoi, nous passons brièvement en revue l'histoire tectonique et magmatique de ces orogènes pré-grenvilliennes paléoprotérozoïques et mésoprotérozoïques, pénokéenne, de Yavapai, et de Mazatzal ainsi que la Province de Granite-rhyolite, et discutons de son étendue sur env. 5 000 km.

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Lithology, chemistry, age, and origin of the Proterozoic Cardenas Basalt, Grand Canyon, Arizona

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Tectonic inferences from the ca. 1255–1100 Ma Unkar Group and Nankoweap Formation, Grand Canyon: Intracratonic deformation and basin formation during protracted Grenville orogenesis

Tectonic inferences from the ca. 1255–1100 Ma Unkar Group and Nankoweap Formation, Grand Canyon: Intracratonic deformation and basin formation during protracted Grenville orogenesis

Diverse Mesoproterozoic basaltic magmatism in west Texas

Tectonic Evolution of the Adirondack Mountains and Grenville Orogen Inliers within the USA

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