Littoral macrofauna (secondary) responses to experimental nutrient addition to rocky shore mesocosms and a coastal lagoon

Kraufvelin, Patrik; Christie, Hartvig; Olsen, Marianne

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3190-4_13

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Only few significant effects due to the differences in nutrient addition between the basins were detected at the community level (Bokn et al, 2002(Bokn et al, , 2003Kraufvelin et al, 2002). Slightly higher abundance values were obtained in the small isopod Jaera spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Solbergstrand mesocosm and the main methods have previously been described by Bakke (1990), Bokn et al (1998Bokn et al ( , 2001Bokn et al ( , 2002 and Kraufvelin et al (2002), but some information relevant to this paper are given below.…”

Section: The Rocky Littoral Mesocosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overall conclusion from running these mesocosms for 5 years was that community structure did not change much, neither throughout time nor due to differences in nutrient supply (Bokn et al, 2002(Bokn et al, , 2003Kraufvelin et al, 2002). The macroalgal assemblages in all basins were dominated by Fucus vesiculosus and F. serratus, while a few species of green algae (mainly Ulva lactuca) and seasonal red algae were common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Mechanisms regulating amphipod population density within macroalgal communities with low predator impact

Christie¹,

Kraufvelin²

2004

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: In eight mesocosms (land based basins) macroalgae communities with associated fauna were transplanted from the sea and established during two years. Then, different doses of nutrients (N and P) were added to the basins throughout the following three years. During the period of nutrient addition, macroinvertebrate grazers showed seasonal fluctuations with densities usually between 500,000 and 1 million individuals per mesocosm during summer and to a level of about 100,000 during winter. The macroinvertebrate grazers mainly consisted of about 10 species of amphipods and isopods, among which the amphipod Gammarus locusta dominated strongly by biomass. Although the number of predators was very low, the grazer populations never reached a density where considerable grazing impact could be found on the macroalgae. No increase in grazer density was found in the basins with improved nutrient conditions. Thus food quality may be insufficient for further population growth, or density dependant regulation mechanisms may have prevented the grazers from flourishing and overgrazing the system. In aquarium experiments we showed that G. locusta could grow and reproduce on Fucus serratus, Ulva lactuca, periphyton and detritus, and that cannibalism by adult G. locusta on juveniles may have great impact on the population growth. The basins were run with a water flow through system. Nets were placed in front of the inflow and outflow tubes to measure immigration and emigration. Only few individuals (and no Gammarus sp.) were recorded in the inflowing water, while high numbers of both amphipods and isopods were found in the outflowing water. Emigration reached peak values during night-time, and it was then two to three times as high as during day-time. Emigration of mobile grazers from the basins amounted to 1-2% of the standing stock daily. These mechanisms that regulate grazers do contribute to maintenance of the seaweed dominance and thus the stability of the seaweed community.Key words: Mesocosm, macroalgae, grazers, Gammarus locusta, population regulation, eutrophication. RESUMEN: MECANISMOS QUE REGULAN LA DENSIDAD DE POBLACIONES DE ANFÍPODOS EN COMUNIDADES DE MACROALGAS CONBAJO IMPACTO DE DEPREDACIÓN. -En ocho mesocosmos (depósitos situados en tierra) se trasplantaron comunidades de macroalgas con fauna asociada procedentes del mar y se establecieron durante dos años. Posteriormente se añadieron diferentes dosis de nutrientes (N y P) a los depósitos a lo largo de los tres años siguientes. Durante el período de adición de nutrientes, los macroinvertebrados herbívoros mostraron fluctuaciones estacionales con densidades que por lo general se encontraban entre 500.000 y 1 millón de individuos por mesocosmos durante el verano y hasta un nivel de unos 100.000 ind. en invierno. Los macroinvertebrados herbívoros eran principalmente unas 10 especies de anfípodos e isópodos, entre los cuales el anfípodo Gammarus locusta dominaba mucho por la biomasa. Aunque el número de depredadores fue muy bajo, las poblaciones de herbívoros no...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: The Rocky Littoral Mesocosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Mechanisms regulating amphipod population density within macroalgal communities with low predator impact

Christie¹,

Kraufvelin²

2004

Sci. Mar.

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“…Morphology and the amount of epiphytic algae are important factors for the abundance and diversity of the associated macrofauna community. Epiphytic algae morphology and surface structure provide different habitat qualities and are used by different faunal species with respect to faunal size, body form and mobility (Hacker & Steneck 1990, Gee & Warwick 1994, Kraufvelin et al 2002, Eilertsen et al 2011. Kelp faunal abundances depend on both the amount of the habitat algae ) and algal morphology ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of wave and current exposure to fauna communities in Laminaria hyperborea kelp forests

Norderhaug¹,

Christie²,

Rinde³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Hydrodynamic forces from waves and currents may have strong but different impacts on benthic diversity. In order to study the relative importance of current and wave exposure to the diversity of macrofauna associated with the kelp Laminaria hyperborea, we sampled fauna on epiphytic algae of 4 different morphological types from 27 stations in a crossed design with 3 levels of wave exposure and current speed. Fauna species number (S) was determined by morphology and amount (weight) of epiphyte and the interaction between wave exposure and current speed. Shannon-Wiener diversity H ' was determined by the epiphyte morphology and amount and degree of wave exposure. The most important factors for faunal community composition were epiphyte morphology and wave exposure, and the effect of wave exposure was different for algae of different morphology. The most diverse fauna communities were found at intermittently wave-exposed sites and on large, rough epiphytic algae. The study shows that waves and currents influence kelp fauna communities very differently. Within our study area, waves had a stronger overall effect compared to currents.

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“…In the study by Garbary et al (2013), the consequences of a successful species introduction are easier to grab, although their feature article merely focuses on proving that the crabs are causing the damage and on demonstrating the mechanisms and quantifying the various processes of eelgrass loss. To accomplish this, they used a novel whole-ecosystem approach, very rarely encountered in the marine literature (but see Kraufvelin et al 2002). Garbary et al (2013) conducted their study at only one site (see their text for justifications) in 2002, and it basically consisted of classification of eelgrass shoot types in wrack on the shore and determination of the following: shoot density in the water, accumulation of shore wrack, crab abundance, crab damage on eelgrass in cages and the amount of bare patch formation by crabs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Littoral macrofauna (secondary) responses to experimental nutrient addition to rocky shore mesocosms and a coastal lagoon

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Mechanisms regulating amphipod population density within macroalgal communities with low predator impact

Mechanisms regulating amphipod population density within macroalgal communities with low predator impact

Importance of wave and current exposure to fauna communities in Laminaria hyperborea kelp forests

Digging for and grabbing the answers: novel whole-ecosystem approach quantifies damage and reveals mechanisms of invader-driven habitat destruction

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