Lituya Bay Landslide Impact Generated Mega-Tsunami 50th Anniversary

Fritz, Hermann M.; Mohammed, F.; Yoo, Jeseon

doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0064-4_9

Cited by 54 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The scaling in the present experimental results may not be applicable to cohesive materials such as clay and potential effects of small‐scale granular particles such as sand and silt [ Iverson et al , 2004; Rickenmann , 1999; Schatzmann et al , 2003]. The landslide characteristics at impact were controlled by means of a novel pneumatic landslide tsunami generator [ Fritz et al , 2009]. The landslide was characterized by the landslide volume V s , slide front velocity v s , landslide length l s , thickness s and width b on the hillslope at impact.…”

Section: Physical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several above and three under water cameras recorded the landslide shape and kinematics along the hillslope and in the tsunami wave basin. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis of selected high‐resolution image sequences resulted in subaerial landslide surface velocity vector maps [ Fritz et al , 2009]. The general setup of the instrumentation in the wave basin is shown in Figure 1a.…”

Section: Instrumentation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The empirical formula of Huber and Hager [1997]for 2‐D landslide‐generated tsunami waves also overestimate the measured wave heights in the direction of the slide motion ( θ = 0°) except in highly supercritical cases. Fritz et al [2009] found that the empirical formula of Huber and Hager [1997]for 2‐D impulse wave characteristics underestimates the wave height by a factor of 1.8 at Lituya Bay in 1958 given a highly supercritical landslide impact at Froude number F = 3.2. Rough estimations of slide thickness from photos [ Huber , 1980] indicate that Huber's slides at comparable impact Froude numbers were thinner s < h [ Fritz et al , 2004].…”

Section: Wave Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landslide tsunami events may be categorized as subaerial, partially submerged or submarine landslide‐generated tsunamis depending on the initial position of the landslide. Subaerial landslide impact‐generated tsunamis with extreme runup heights were recorded at Tafjord (1934) and Lake Loen (1936) in Norway [ Jørstad , 1968; Harbitz et al , 1993], Lituya Bay, Alaska, in 1958 [ Fritz et al , 2001, 2009; Weiss et al , 2009], Vajont dam in Italy in 1963 [ Müller , 1964], Puerto Aysen, Chile, in 2007 [ Sepúlveda and Serey , 2009; Naranjo et al , 2009]. A local tsunami was generated by a coastal landslide triggered by the 2010 Haiti earthquake [ Fritz et al , 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two dimensional tsunami generation by granular landslides were studied by Huber [1980], Fritz [2002], Fritz et al [2003a, 2003b, 2004, 2009], Zweifel and Hager [2006] and Heller and Hager [2010]. Some of the two‐ and three‐dimensional experiments by Huber [1980] were analyzed by Huber and Hager [1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical modeling of tsunamis generated by three‐dimensional deformable granular landslides

2012

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.[1] Tsunamis generated by deformable granular landslides are physically modeled in a three-dimensional tsunami wave basin based on the generalized Froude similarity. The dynamic landslide impact characteristics were controlled by means of a novel pneumatic landslide generator. The wave amplitudes, periods, and wavelengths are related to the landslide parameters at impact with the landslide Froude number being a dominant parameter. Between 1 and 15% of the landslide kinetic energy at impact is converted into the wave train energy. The wave amplitudes decay in radial and angular directions from the landslide axis. The first wave crest mostly travels with speeds close to the theoretical approximation of the solitary wave speed. The measured tsunami wave profiles were either of the nonlinear oscillatory or nonlinear transition type depending primarily on the landslide Froude number and relative slide thickness at impact. The generated waves range from shallow to deep water depth regimes, with the majority being in the intermediate water depth regime. Wave characteristics are compared with other two-and three-dimensional landslide tsunami studies and the results are discussed.Citation: Mohammed, F., and H. M. Fritz (2012), Physical modeling of tsunamis generated by three-dimensional deformable granular landslides,

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Section: Physical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wave Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical modeling of tsunamis generated by three‐dimensional deformable granular landslides

2012

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A simplified 3‐D Navier‐Stokes numerical model for landslide‐tsunami: Application to the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2013

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.[1] A simplified three-dimensional Navier-Stokes (3-D NS) model for two fluids, water and landslide material (mudslide) is presented and validated with standard laboratory experiments. Dubbed TSUNAMI3D (Tsunami Solution Using Navier-Stokes Algorithm with Multiple Interfaces) is applied to a 3-D full-scale landslide scenario in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), i.e., the East-Breaks underwater landslide. The simplified 3-D NS model is conceived to be computationally efficient for tsunami calculations. The simplification is derived from the large aspect ratio of the tsunami waves (wavelength/wave-height) and the selected computational grid that has a smaller aspect ratio. This allows us to assume a horizontal fluid surface in each individual cell containing the interface (air-water, airmudslide, and water-mudslide). The tracking of fluid interfaces is based on the Volume of Fluid method and the surfaces are obtained by integrating the fluxes of each individual fluid cell along the water column. In the momentum equation, the pressure term is split into two components, hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic. The internal friction is solved in a simplified manner by adjusting the viscosity coefficient. Despite the simplification to get an efficient solution, the numerical results agree fairly well with standard landslide laboratory experiments required by the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program for tsunami model validation. The numerical effect caused by using a sharp versus a diffusive watermudslide interface for a full-scale landslide-tsunami scenario is also investigated. Observations from this experiment indicated that choosing a sharp or diffusive interface seems to have no remarkable effect at early stages of the tsunami wave propagation. Last, a large scale 3-D numerical simulation is carried out for the ancient GOM's East-Breaks landslide by using the simplified model to calculate the early stages of the tsunami wave propagation.

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Long‐term (17 Ma) turbidite record of the timing and frequency of large flank collapses of the Canary Islands

Hunt

Talling

Clare

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Volcaniclastic turbidites on the Madeira Abyssal Plain provide a record of large-volume volcanic island flank collapses from the Canary Islands. This long-term record spans 17 Ma, and comprises 125 volcaniclastic beds. Determining the timing, provenance and volumes of these turbidites provides key information about the occurrence of mass wasting from the Canary Islands, especially the western islands of Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. These turbidite records demonstrate that landslides often coincide with protracted periods of volcanic edifice growth, suggesting that loading of the volcanic edifices may be a key preconditioning factor for landslide triggers. Furthermore, the last large-volume failures from Tenerife coincide with explosive volcanism at the end of eruptive cycles. Many large-volume Canary Island landslides also occurred during periods of warmer and wetter climates associated with sea-level rise and subsequent highstand. However, these turbidites are not serially dependent and any association with climate or sea level change is not statistically significant.

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Lituya Bay Landslide Impact Generated Mega-Tsunami 50th Anniversary

Cited by 54 publications

References 20 publications

Physical modeling of tsunamis generated by three‐dimensional deformable granular landslides

Physical modeling of tsunamis generated by three‐dimensional deformable granular landslides

A simplified 3‐D Navier‐Stokes numerical model for landslide‐tsunami: Application to the Gulf of Mexico

Long‐term (17 Ma) turbidite record of the timing and frequency of large flank collapses of the Canary Islands

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