“Live High–Train Low and High” Hypoxic Training Improves Team-Sport Performance

Abstract

"Live high-train low and high" hypoxic training interspersed with repeated sprints in hypoxia for 14 d (in season) increases the Hbmass, YYIR2 performance, and repeated-sprint ability of elite field team-sport players, with benefits lasting for at least 3 wk postintervention.

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

“…Computation of YYIR2 test global means, SDs and quantiles (Figure 3) involved 116 studies/subgroups reporting on 2,478 participants (median age = 23.2 years, IQR = 20.7–26.0 years) (Young et al, 2005; De Souza et al, 2006; Krustrup et al, 2006; Thomas et al, 2006; Mohr et al, 2007, 2016; Iaia et al, 2008, 2015, 2017; Morton et al, 2009; Rampinini et al, 2010; Rebelo et al, 2010; Thomassen et al, 2010; Christensen et al, 2011; Chuman et al, 2011; Mooney et al, 2011, 2013a,b; Roberts et al, 2011; Ueda et al, 2011; Gunnarsson et al, 2012; Ingebrigtsen et al, 2012, 2013, 2014; Nakamura et al, 2012; Saunders et al, 2012; Wells et al, 2012, 2014; Bassini et al, 2013; Buchheit et al, 2013; McGawley and Andersson, 2013; Mohr and Krustrup, 2013, 2014, 2016; Owen et al, 2013; Pivovarniček et al, 2013; Yuki et al, 2013; Fanchini et al, 2014; Karavelioglu et al, 2014; Lollo et al, 2014; Miloski et al, 2014; Nunes et al, 2014; Sampaio et al, 2014; Skovgaard et al, 2014; Brocherie et al, 2015a,b; Cholewa et al, 2015; Coelho et al, 2015; Gatterer et al, 2015; Hogarth et al, 2015a,b; Jamurtas et al, 2015; Krustrup and Mohr, 2015; Leme et al, 2015; Mara et al, 2015; Matta et al, 2015; McLean et al, 2015; Michalsik et al, 2015; Mohr, 2015; Rogan, 2015; Stein et al, 2015; Boer and Van Aswegen, 2016; Bouaziz et al, 2016; Chan et al, 2016; Inness et al, 2016; Joo, 2016; Kilit and Arslan, 2016; Lockie et al, 2016a,b,...…”

High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia: Is Increased Reliance on Anaerobic Metabolism Important?

“…From a practical point of view, Gatterer et al (2014) demonstrated that completing shuttle runs in the confined space of a hypoxic chamber is a viable option to gain the benefits of RSH while maintaining movement specificity. Brocherie et al (2015) recently used this strategy with success, demonstrating that elite hockey players completing over-ground running RSH in an inflatable hypoxic marquee were able to improve and maintain repeated sprint ability for at least 3 weeks after a RSH intervention. This is critical, as previous researchers have identified limited crossover effects of RSH between cycling and running modalities (Goods et al, 2015).…”

“…Additionally, as proposed for IHRT, short incomplete recoveries via exaggerated work:rest ratios (1:2–1:3) may be more successful for increasing glycolytic stress and therefore performance outcomes (Faiss et al, 2013b) than protocols employing work:rest ratios more commonly used for repeated sprint ability tests (1:5+) (Goods et al, 2015). Nevertheless, it must be acknowledged that some studies have reported varied effects of RSH on metabolic adaptation and performance improvements (Galvin et al, 2013; Brocherie et al, 2015; Goods et al, 2015). Further research is therefore needed to provide conclusive recommendations regarding RSH implementation.…”

Four-week “living high training low” program enhances 3000-m and 5000-m time trials by improving energy metabolism during submaximal exercise in athletes

“…Among these methods, LHTL intervention is widely recognized as the “gold standard” for normoxic exercise performance in athletes 2, 22 . …”

“…These training effects lead to improved maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) and oxygen flux rates during exercise 2, 3, 8 . The optimal “dose” of hypoxia is a very important issue for the successful LHTL intervention outcomes of athletic performance.…”