Live Imaging of Peroxisomes and Peroxules in Plants

High Light Intensity Leads to Increased Peroxule-Mitochondria Interactions in Plants

“…3–8 μm long tubules. Whereas, the spherical shape is typical for peroxisomes in a cell that is not overtly stressed, the elongated form is usually observed in a stressed cell and indicates that the peroxisome will soon undergo fission to produce more spherical peroxisomes (Figure 1 ; Schrader, 2006 ; Sinclair et al, 2009 ; Delille et al, 2010 ; Barton et al, 2014 ; Schrader et al, 2014 ). In addition, a transient form is encountered in response to mild ROS stress during which the peroxisome is neither completely spherical nor tubular (Sinclair et al, 2009 ; Barton et al, 2013 ).…”

“…The GTPases are recruited from the cytosol and anchored to the membrane by FISSION1, a tail-anchored protein localized to both the peroxisome and outer mitochondrial membrane (Fis1/BIGYIN in plants: Scott et al, 2006 ; Zhang and Hu, 2008 ; hFis1 in mammals: Yoon et al, 2003 ; Stojanovski et al, 2004 ; Koch et al, 2005 ; Fis1p in yeast: Mozdy et al, 2000 ; Tieu and Nunnari, 2000 ). In both organelles membrane constriction produces a beaded appearance that ultimately leads to their fission and consequent increase in the mitochondrial and peroxisomal population within the cell (Barton et al, 2014 ; Jaipargas et al, 2015 ). While many details pertaining to the division machinery common to peroxisomes and mitochondria have been worked out it is still unclear whether the relevant proteins are recruited simultaneously to both organelles or becomes available in a hierarchical manner.…”

Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Significance of Organelle Interactions and Cooperation

“…A loose ER cage has been described around chloroplasts and it has been shown that under HL the ER accumulates around chloroplasts to form an ER-chloroplast nexus (Griffing, 2011). Moreover, earlier studies have implicated the ER in peroxisome behavior and peroxule extension (Sinclair et al, 2009;Barton et al, 2014). As the ER appears to be a major contributor to organelle motility, pleomorphy, and fission, we investigated its rearrangement as a possible mechanism for the observed clustering of peroxisomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts.…”

“…3-8 µm long tubules. Whereas, the spherical shape is typical for peroxisomes in a cell that is not overtly stressed, the elongated form is usually observed in a stressed cell and indicates that the peroxisome will soon undergo fission to produce more spherical peroxisomes (Figure 1; Schrader, 2006;Sinclair et al, 2009;Delille et al, 2010;Barton et al, 2014;. In addition, a transient form is encountered in response to mild ROS stress during which the peroxisome is neither completely spherical nor tubular (Sinclair et al, 2009;Barton et al, 2013).…”

“…The GTPases are recruited from the cytosol and anchored to the membrane by FISSION1, a tail-anchored protein localized to both the peroxisome and outer mitochondrial membrane (Fis1/BIGYIN in plants: ; hFis1 in mammals: Yoon et al, 2003;Stojanovski et al, 2004;Koch et al, 2005; Fis1p in yeast: Mozdy et al, 2000;Tieu and Nunnari, 2000). In both organelles membrane constriction produces a beaded appearance that ultimately leads to their fission and consequent increase in the mitochondrial and peroxisomal population within the cell (Barton et al, 2014;Jaipargas et al, 2015). While many details pertaining to the division machinery common to peroxisomes and mitochondria have been worked out it is still unclear whether the relevant proteins are recruited simultaneously to both organelles or becomes available in a hierarchical manner.…”