Livelihood Strategies and Forest Product Utilisation of Rural Households in Nepal

Lax, Jutta; Köthke, Margret

doi:10.1007/s11842-017-9367-0

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The low dependence of households with more physical assets on forest income may be because households with more physical assets have access to other sources of income than the forests [55,56]. These results are in line with the finding of [57] who found that households with more assets depend less on forest income and extract less income from forests. The findings were also consistent in all five sub-divisions of the district (Table 4).…”

Section: Households' Assets Status and Forest Incomesupporting

confidence: 83%

Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households’ Decision-Making Behaviors

et al. 2021

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Using survey information of 150 randomly selected households across 21 villages of the forest-rich district of Swat, Pakistan, this study assessed households’ decision-making behaviors in depending on income from nearby forested land using socio-economic attributes. The evidence from the study may aid in making the existing policies be better targeted toward families that depend on the forest for income. Descriptive statistics and econometric techniques such as logit and tobit were used to analyze the data. Respondent households obtained the highest share of their income from off-farm activities (37%) and least from forest activities (16%). Fuelwood constitutes the biggest share (66%) of forest income, followed by medical plants (20%) and fodder (13%). We found that households with more physical assets, more family members working in off-farm jobs, and households earning more income from off-farm jobs were significantly and negatively associated with households’ decision to depend on forest income and total income obtained. We also found that households with less distance to the market and membership to joint forest management committees (JFMCs) were significantly and negatively associated with households’ total income obtained. However, household size was significantly and positively related to households’ decision of forest dependency. The study recommends the creation of off-farm opportunities and inclusion of local people in the management of forests through establishment of JFMCs, particularly for large and poor families.

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Section: Households' Assets Status and Forest Incomesupporting

confidence: 83%

Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households’ Decision-Making Behaviors

et al. 2021

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“…This would explain why female-headed households extracted wild vegetables at a higher intensity for home consumption. Our findings are consistent with other studies which show limited engagement in commercial-based forest livelihood among women (Lax and K€ othke 2017;Rasmussen et al 2017;Imfumu and Lukoki 2020). In addition, other studies also show that men often dominate the governing jurisdiction over forest resources implying differential access, which may disadvantage women (Lidestav 2010;Mai et al 2019).…”

Section: Nature Extent Of Forest Extractionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Forest-based livelihood choices and their determinants in Western Kenya

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Mbeche

Ateka

et al. 2021

Forest Science and Technology

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Forest extraction is an important livelihood activity for millions of low-income households in rural areas of developing countries. Understanding the choices households make to extract forest products can help formulate strategies for preventing livelihood strains associated with forest degradation. This article evaluates the nature, extent and determinants of forest extraction among rural households in western Kenya. Data were obtained from a survey of 924 randomly selected households in the Mt. Elgon area in western Kenya. The level of forest extraction was measured as the aggregate value of products extracted, while a Double Hurdle model was applied to assess the factors influencing forest extraction. The results show that the choice to engage in forest-based livelihood was generally higher among households with lower asset value, membership in forest user associations, and headed by males. The results further show that although the majority of households' engaging in forest-based livelihood were of the lowest wealth category, households in the middle wealth category were found to extract higher value products. Institutional characteristics, including access to agricultural markets, credit, extension, and membership to forest user groups, increased the likelihood of households' extracting higher value products. Overall, the results show that in addition to asset endowment, other contextual factors, such as access to markets, agricultural extension, and membership to farmer groups defined whether a household extracted forest products for survival or accumulation.

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“…One of the executive members of a CFUG reported that out of 26 households in one hamlet, only two collected firewood from the CF and the remaining households from trees growing on their own farmland, consistent with what was reported in other parts of Nepal (Webb and Dhakal 2011).The low value of firewood and availability of alternate fuel sources (e.g. LPG) means that firewood collection is strongly influenced by a household's proximity to forest blocks (Davidar et al 2010;Deng et al 2011;Fikir et al 2016;Lax and Köthke 2017).…”

Section: Underlying Causes Of Decreasing Household Consumption Of Fir...supporting

confidence: 65%

Changing Rural Livelihoods and Forest Use Transition in the Middle Hills of Nepal

Bhawana

Race

Fisher

et al. 2021

Small-scale Forestry

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In recent decades, out-migration has become a key livelihood strategy for many rural households in the middle hills region of Nepal. In this region, rural communities are key actors in the management of local resources such as community forests. Analysis of the link between community forests and out-migration is largely missing in the literature, even though the demographic changes associated with out-migration affect forest resource use and management. This article discusses how rural communities and traditional landscapes in the middle hills are changing following out-migration and how this process has changed the management by rural communities of local forests (including community forests). Overall, the research found a reduced dependency by households on forest products (e.g. firewood, fodder and timber) sourced from community forests. Also, the reduced demand is being supplied increasingly from trees/forests grown on private farmland, including natural regenerated forests and trees planted on abandoned farmland. The declining need for forest products and the lack of an economic incentive for active forest management coupled with a decreasing sense of community has reduced the interest in community forests, leading to less intensive and infrequent forest management. Given the prevalence of out-migration and the changing socio-economic context in the middle hills, it appears time to reconsider the management of community forests beyond a narrow range of uses to enable greater commercialization and encourage ecosystem services to be harnessed so community forests better align with contemporary rural livelihoods and landscapes.

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Livelihood Strategies and Forest Product Utilisation of Rural Households in Nepal

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households’ Decision-Making Behaviors

Why Do Households Depend on the Forest for Income? Analysis of Factors Influencing Households’ Decision-Making Behaviors

Forest-based livelihood choices and their determinants in Western Kenya

Changing Rural Livelihoods and Forest Use Transition in the Middle Hills of Nepal

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