Livelihoods, daily mobility and poverty in sub-saharan Africa

Accessibility in Cities: Transport and Urban Form

“…Growing income and wealth inequalities, particularly in rapidly urbanising developing countries, are exacerbated by the combined effects of urban sprawl, motorisation, and spatial segregation (OECD 2013b), with almost one quarter of the global urban population living in informal settlements ( UN Habitat 2010) Within both developed and developing countries there is a high level of correlation between the use of different transport modes and social class, with the poorer populations mainly (in the developed world) or almost entirely (in the developing world) reliant on public transport, non-motorised transport and walking. Household travel surveys in lower and middle-income cities including Delhi (Badami 2005) and Mumbai, India (Badami 2005;Baker, Basu et al 2005), Nairobi, Kenya (Salon and Aligula 2012), Kampala, Uganda and Harare, Zimbabwe (Bryceson, Mbara et al 2003), Cairo, Egypt and Surabaya, Indonesia (Kalthier 2002) all confirm that poorer groups rely on walking, cycling and (often informal) public transport. Lower-income households are also disproportionately affected by key negative externalities generated by transport, including road accidents, air pollution and project displacement (Vasconcellos 1997;Robinson 2003;Drabo 2013).…”

Transport expenditure and affordability: The cost of being mobile

“…Empirical studies on public transport affordability have generally concluded that 'affordable public transport can provide a significant boost to the poor's mobility' (Bryceson et al, 2003). However our understanding of the links between transport costs, affordability and wider demographic, land use and economic patterns is insufficient to support the development of robust policies to achieve this significant boost, or to monitor their effectiveness.…”

“…Mahapa & Mashiri, 2001;Bryceson et al, 2003). The analysis is largely based on data from the 2003 National Household Travel Survey in South Africa, the largest to date, providing detailed data on household travel patterns.…”

Youth, mobility and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa: Perspectives from Ghana and Nigeria

“…bicycles, motorcycles, and cars). In accordance with Bryceson et al 3 we define mobility as the agency with which people move themselves or their goods. By access we mean ability and ease of reaching destinations (as in the transport usage of the term).…”