Liver Abscesses in Feedlot Cattle

Liver abscesses in cattle: A review of incidence in Holsteins and of bacteriology and vaccine approaches to control in feedlot cattle12

“…The A. pyogenes group was placed as members of a new genus Trueperella (named after Hans Georg Trüper, a German microbiologist). Additionally, a number of other anaerobic and facultative bacteria including Bacteriodes spp., Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Mobilincus spp., Pasteurella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., Propionibacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and many unidentified Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria have been isolated from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle (Scanlan and Hathock, 1983;Nagaraja and Chengappa, 1998;Nagaraja and Lechtenberg, 2007).…”

“…This may be related to damage caused to the rumen by lack of roughage or high acidity; greater damage increases the likelihood of T. pyogenes entering into the portal circulation to reach the liver. In rare instances, T. pyogenes is the only organism isolated (Nagaraja and Lechtenberg, 2007) from liver abscesses, which raises the question of whether the organism alone could cause liver abscesses. In a study reported in a Scientific Update on Rumensin and Tylan (Lechtenberg et al, 1993), steers inoculated intraportally, via ultrasoundguided, percutaneous catheter, with T. pyogenes in pure culture did not develop abscesses.…”

“…Tylosin, a macrolide, is the most effective antibiotic and the most commonly used feed additive (8 to 10 g/ton to provide 60 to 90 mg•animal -1 •d -1 ) in the feedlot. The mode of action of tylosin is believed to be its inhibitory effect on F. necrophorum in the rumen, in the liver, or both (Nagaraja and Lechtenberg, 2007). A meta-analysis on liver abscess risks of cattle receiving tylosin vs. cattle not receiving tylosin in conventional feeding systems showed that the feeding of tylosin reduced the risk of liver abscesses from 30% to 8% (Wileman et al, 2009).…”

Effects of limonene on ruminal Fusobacterium necrophorum concentrations, fermentation, and lysine degradation in cattle1

“…On d 11, limonene did not have any effect on NH 3 concentrations (P ≥ 0.62), lysine degradation rate (P ≥ 0.39), lysine disappearance rate (P ≥ 0.14), liquid passage rate (P ≥ 0.26), or rumen liquid volume (P ≥ 0.24; Table 5). F. necrophorum is known to be a primary lysine degrading bacteria, which can utilize lysine as a sole energy source while producing NH 3 , acetate, and butyrate (Gharbia and Shah, 1989;Russell, 2006;Nagaraja and Lechtenberg, 2007;Elwakeel et al, 2013). In our study, although limonene reduced FN concentrations in the rumen, it did not affect lysine degradation rate (d 11) or NH 3 concentration (d 10 or d 11).…”

“…Liver abscesses are a major economic problem in the feedlot industry, and the prevalence is associated with the feeding of grain-based diets (Nagaraja and Lechtenberg, 2007). Fusobacterium necrophorum (FN) is the main pathogenic bacterium that causes liver abscesses and is also a normal inhabitant of the rumen (Tadepalli et al, 2009 AbSTRACT: Previous in vitro data showed that Fusobacterium necrophorum was inhibited by limonene.…”