Liver Disease Associated with Non-Hepatitis Viruses

Spengler, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.65782-3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Notably, we identify differential expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis at infection sites, potentially indicating a parasite immune evasion strategy. We also uncover unique tissue structures termed inflammatory hotspots (IHSs) that exhibit morphological and transcriptional distinctions and resemble focal immune cell infiltrates observed in liver pathologies of various diseases [22][23][24] . Based on gene expression and cell type profiles, we propose that IHSs are sites of mechanical damage due to parasite traversal or sites of successful parasite elimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…To characterize these cell infiltrates further, we employed IF staining, revealing increased lymphocytic (CD4, CD8) and myeloid cell (CD11b) infiltration and activation over time in infected and control livers, albeit delayed in SGC-treated mice (Supplementary Figures 20-22). F4/80+ macrophages within IHSs exhibited the highest abundance at 24h in infected livers and 38h in control livers (Supplementary figures [20][21][22]. Notably, CD27 was exclusively detectable in P. berghei-infected livers at all time points, indicating heightened lymphocyte activation compared to controls (Supplementary Figures 20-22) 50 .…”

Section: Inflammation Exhibits Spatial Patterns In Response To P Berg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host-Pathogen Interactions in thePlasmodium-Infected Mouse Liver at Spatial and Single-Cell Resolution

Hildebrandt,

Urrutia-Iturritza,

Zwicker

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Upon infecting its vertebrate host, the malaria parasite initially invades the liver where it undergoes massive replication, whilst remaining clinically silent. The spatial coordination of factors regulating immune responses and metabolic zonation during malaria infection, in the true tissue context, remains unexplored. Here, we perform spatial transcriptomics in combination with single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) over multiple time points during liver infection to delineate transcriptional programs of host-pathogen interactions acrossP. berghei-infected liver tissues. Our data suggest changes in gene expression related to lipid metabolism in response toPlasmodiuminfection in the proximity of infected hepatocytes, such as the modulation of the expression of genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway signaling. The data further indicate the presence of inflammatory hotspots with distinct cell type compositions and differential liver inflammation programs along the lobular axis in the malaria-infected tissues. Furthermore, a significant upregulation of genes involved in inflammation is observed in liver tissues of control mice injected with mosquito salivary gland components, which is considerably delayed compared toP. bergheiinfected mice. Our study establishes a benchmark for investigating transcriptome changes during host-parasite interactions in tissues, it provides informative insights regardingin vivostudy design linked to infection, and provides a useful tool for the discovery and validation ofde novointervention strategies aimed at malaria liver stage infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Inflammation Exhibits Spatial Patterns In Response To P Berg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Pathogen Interactions in thePlasmodium-Infected Mouse Liver at Spatial and Single-Cell Resolution

Hildebrandt,

Urrutia-Iturritza,

Zwicker

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Hepatitis has been reported as part of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) ( Heinz et al., 2020 ; Xu et al., 2020 ). While it is well-known that influenza viruses, coronavirus, herpesvirus, CMV and EBV virus can cause hepatitis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults and children ( Spengler, 2020 ), none of the aforementioned viruses can be associated with the current case of severe acute hepatitis in pediatric patients. Regarding the management of clinical patients, the majority of children with severe acute hepatitis typically achieve full recovery with supportive care.…”

Section: A New Health Alarm In Children: Another Deja Vu ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin?

Rodriguez-Frias,

Rando-Segura,

Quer

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver whose etiology is very heterogeneous. The most common cause of hepatitis is viral infections from hepatotropic viruses, including hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. However, other factors such as infections from other agents, metabolic disorders, or autoimmune reactions can also contribute to hepatitis, albeit to a lesser extent. On April 5, 2022, the United Kingdom Health Security Agency alerted the World Health Organization (WHO) on the increased incidence of severe acute hepatitis of unknown causes (not A-E) in previously healthy young children, with symptoms of liver failure that in some cases required liver transplantation. By July 2022, 1,296 cases were reported in 37 countries. Acute hepatitis of unknown causes is not an exceptional phenomenon: in fact, it represents more than 30% of cases of acute hepatitis in children, however in the present instance the large proportion of severe cases was surprising and alarming (6% of liver transplants and almost 3% mortality). Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of such higher proportion of acute hepatitis, including their co-occurrence in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This is a review of the history of a clinical threat that has put in check a world health care system highly sensitized by the current COVID-19 pandemics, and that it looks like has ended with the arguments that the severe acute pediatric hepatitis is caused by Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) infection associated with a coinfection with a helper virus (human Adenovirus HAdV or human herpesvirus 6) in susceptible children carrying HLA-class II antigen HLA-DRB1*04:01.

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“…Several viruses have been associated with hepatitis. Influenza, coronavirus, herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus and human herpes virus may produce hepatitis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults and children 17 . The prevalence of coronavirus induced liver dysfunction remains undetermined.…”

Section: Aetiology: Certainty and Uncertainty Associated With Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis of unknown origin in children: Updated evidence and concise review

Jha

2022

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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The rapid emergence of severe acute hepatitis across several European countries and several geographical regions in the United States has created panic among health institutions, local authorities, governmental organizations and regulatory bodies. Early reporting, stringent surveillance and supportive care can temporarily help tackle this crisis. However, definitive containment measures and management require characterization of the clinical spectrum, epidemiological assessment and extensive investigations. Furthermore, a sound management strategy requires randomized trials to explore the treatment options.

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Liver Disease Associated with Non-Hepatitis Viruses

Cited by 7 publications

References 108 publications

Host-Pathogen Interactions in thePlasmodium-Infected Mouse Liver at Spatial and Single-Cell Resolution

Host-Pathogen Interactions in thePlasmodium-Infected Mouse Liver at Spatial and Single-Cell Resolution

Solved the enigma of pediatric severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin?

Hepatitis of unknown origin in children: Updated evidence and concise review

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