Liver Function Assessment in Malaria, Typhoid and Malaria-Typhoid Co-Infection in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Enemchukwu, B N; Ibe, CC; Udedi, S C; Iroha, A; Ubaoji, K I; Ogundapo, Segun Solomon

doi:10.3923/pjbs.2014.860.863

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The increase in enzyme activities could be attributed to assaults on liver parenchymal cells by the malaria parasites leading to the leakage of the liver enzymes into the general circulation. This finding is in agreement with the study carried out by Enemchukwu et al [5] who reported that patients with untreated malaria parasite have high levels of ALT, AST and ALP in their blood. The finding also correlated with findings of previous studies of Mosab et al [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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The Effects of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitaemia on Liver Synthetic Fidelity and Oxidative Stress Markers

Wankasi

Waibode

Agoro

2020

EJMED

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Malaria has for century’s defiled eradication due to pathophysiological and environmental complexities. The study was aimed at revealing the effect of malaria parasitaemia on hepatic synthetic fidelity and oxidative stress markers individually and synergistically. A total of five hundred subjects constituted the sample size, out of which two hundred comprised the control and three hundred the test group with grades of parasitaemia. Serum aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), iron, malonaldehyde and glutathione were analysed using WHO approved methods. The results obtained indicated a significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, malonaldehyde, and glutathione levels in malaria infected subjects when compared to the control group respectively. The result further showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) in serum iron concentration in malaria infected groups when compared to the control. In conclusion, malaria infection has a significant impact on the hepatic synthetic capacity and oxidative indicators. It is suggested that these observed biochemical change should be considered when malaria infected individuals are treated and managed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The liver has a wide range of functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, production of biochemicals necessary for digestion, storing of glycogen and hormone production [5]. These functions are mostly enzymatic involving various classes of enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitaemia on Liver Synthetic Fidelity and Oxidative Stress Markers

Wankasi

Waibode

Agoro

2020

EJMED

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“…Elevated liver enzymes in malaria patients could be the result of leakage of the enzymes from the damaged liver cells during the hepatic stage of the life cycle of malarial parasite. Enemchukwu et al in 2014 suggested that typhoid, malaria and typhoid-malaria combined-infections can increase AST, ALT and ALP serum levels and result in liver damage if not treated properly 22 .…”

Section: S90mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombocytopenia and Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Malaria Patients

Gilani¹,

Khan²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

PAFMJ

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Objective: To study thrombocytopenia and elevated ALT levels in malaria patients reporting to Pak Med Level II+ Hospital XII and XIII, UN Mission Liberia, West Africa. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Pak Med Level II+ Hospital XII and XIII, UN Mission Liberia, West Africa, from Feb 2015 to Dec 2016. Methodology: In total of 100 febrile patients of both gender and all ages reported to Pak Med Level II+ Hospital XII and XIII, Liberia with clinical features of malaria and having positive malarial parasite (MP) on any of the methods of immune chromatography (ICT) or microscopic film were included. The febrile patients with typical clinical features of malaria but having negative MP both on ICT and microscopic methods were excluded.Pretreatment whole blood in EDTA was collected for testing MP on ICT and by microscopic method including MP index and platelets, while serum for ALT. Results: Out of total 100 patients, 75 were males, 25 females with mean age of 38 ± 5 years. MP was found positive on MP film in 95% and on ICT in 88% cases. Thrombocytopenia was found in 69% and ALT was elevated in 60% cases. Mean and SD for platelets count was 129 ± 72 x 109/L and of ALT 76 ± 66 U/L. Mean of MP index was 0.49 ranging from 0 to 3.5%. Correlation of MP index with platelets and ALT was found insignificant, although in malaria patients, platelets and ALT was inversely correlated significantly with each other showing low platelets along with elevated ALT levels. Conclusion: In malaria patients, thrombocytopenia and elevated ALT are frequent findings, which may not definitely correlate with MP index. So it is advisable to test for platelet count and ALT in all patients of malaria for early diagnosis and better management.

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“…"Generally, fever is the most common cause of consultations in the tropics and sub-Saharan Africa where most fever are of infectious origin of which typhoid accounts for a majority. Typhoid fever is among the most endemic diseases in the tropics, it is associated with poverty and development with significant morbidity and mortality" [6]. "The emergence of multidrug resistance to the commonly used antibiotics has further complicated the treatment and management of enteric fever and this is recognized as one of the greatest challenges in the management of this disease The disease is an indication of neglect of control of the environment, while it is going extinct in the wider world, the case in Africa remains an alarming one as it is being recorded to constitute a major cause of hospital admissions in Africa" [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Characterization of Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella typhi Serovars Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Bauchi Metropolis

Titus

Iliyasu

Sahal

et al. 2023

SAJRM

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Background: Typhoid fever is one of the most common infectious diseases in developing countries including Nigeria. Globally, typhoid fever is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. People most at risk for serious complications due to Salmonella infections include older adults, pregnant women, infants, children, and people who have compromised immune systems. Design and Duration: The study involves the collection of blood and stool specimens across all ages and gender between ages 0-70 years who present with fever and diarrhoea among other symptoms of typhoid in selected hospitals within Bauchi from January 2019 to August 2020. Aim: The aim of this research is to phenotypically characterize virulence factors in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella typhi serovars isolated from clinical specimens in selected hospitals within Bauchi. Materials and Methods: A total of 518 blood and stool specimens were collected from selected health facilities within Bauchi metropolis to determine the presence of Salmonellae pathogens. Phenotypic identification of Salmonella typhi was performed using standard microbiological procedures, virulence factors were investigated and the Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion method was used for the determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility and Multidrug Resistant pattern of the isolates. Results and Discussion: Highest number of specimens collected was among patients with fever. Age groups 31-40 and 0-10 had the highest frequencies of occurrence respectively while age group 61-70 had the least. There was no significant difference between the age group and the number of isolates as p>0. 05. Highest frequency of S. typhi was found within the Female gender while Males recorded the lowest. The stool had the highest number of positive samples 31(21.6%) and blood had the least 17(4. 5%). Flagella was present in 18(37.5%) of 48 virulence isolates and was the most prevalent. Haemolysin was the least prevalent 4(8.3%) in all the isolates in our study. In the present study, 37(77.0%) of S. typhi isolates were resistant to 2 or more antimicrobial agents (Multidrug resistance). The highest resistance was observed in Oxacillin 46(95.8%). The isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin 31(64.5%), Colistin Sulphate 29(60.4%), and Ceftriaxone 28(58.3%). All isolates 48(100%) were Multidrug-resistant and sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Colistin Sulphate, Ceftriaxone, and Amikacin. Conclusion: This study established that Salmonella typhi was more prevalent in the middle age group, female out-patient with most cases of fever, diarrhoea, and sometimes both. Most of the Salmonella typhi recovered from this study were more from stool than blood. Of all of the isolates in this study 48(9.2%) produced two or more virulent factors, with flagella as the commonest across all the MDR isolates; which is indicative of a significant relationship between virulence factors and multidrug resistance. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella has added to the urgent need for the development of more effective control measures.

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Liver Function Assessment in Malaria, Typhoid and Malaria-Typhoid Co-Infection in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

The Effects of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitaemia on Liver Synthetic Fidelity and Oxidative Stress Markers

The Effects of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitaemia on Liver Synthetic Fidelity and Oxidative Stress Markers

Thrombocytopenia and Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Malaria Patients

Phenotypic Characterization of Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella typhi Serovars Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Bauchi Metropolis

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