Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Sørensen, Karen Kristine; Simón-Santamaría, Jaione; McCuskey, Robert S.; Smedsrød, Bård

doi:10.1002/cphy.c140078

Cited by 231 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 278 publications

(454 reference statements)

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“…However, accumulating evidence has reconfirmed the uptake of denatured proteins, vital staining dyes, and small particles by the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium and lymph node reticular cells (18,31). It is generally accepted that hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the clearance of bloodborn waste macromolecules and particles by receptor-mediated endocytosis, whereas large particles are phagocytosed by Kupffer cells (37). Most researchers have not paid attention to the uptake of exogenous particles in the endothelium of the lung, adrenal gland, and heart, where we demonstrated the selective expression of LYVE-1 in the present study.…”

Section: Topographical and Functional Relationship Between Lyve-1-expmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that endothelial cells-especially hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, a representative RES member-comprise an important part of the innate immune system for eliminating foreign particles from the circulation. Smedsrød and his colleagues (32,36,37) have termed the endocytic endothelial cells as scavenger endothelial cells, leading us to resurrect the concept of the RES (39). A weak point in this effort to re-evaluate the RES is the lack of marker substances that can specify the RES members.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The selective distribution of LYVE-1-expressing endothelial cells and reticular cells in the reticulo-endothelial system (RES)

Zheng¹,

Kimura²,

Nio‐Kobayashi³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Res.

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LYVE-1, a receptor molecule for hyaluronan, is expressed in the lymphatic endothelium, blood sinus endothelium, and certain macrophage lineages. The present immunohistochemical study revealed a broader distribution of LYVE-1 in vascular endothelial cells of the murine lung, adrenal gland, and heart as well as the liver and spleen. In addition, sinus reticular cells-including sinuslining cells-in the medulla of the lymph node also intensely expressed LYVE-1. Ultrastructurally, immuno-gold particles for LYVE-1 were localized on the entire length of plasma membrane in all cell types. Most of these LYVE-1-expressing cells had previously been classified as the reticuloendothelial system (RES) specialized for eliminating foreign particles. An LPS stimulation decreased the LYVE-1 expression in macrophages but elevated the expression at mRNA and protein levels in the liver and lung, major organs for the elimination of blood-born waste substances. LYVE-1-expressing endothelial cells in these organs participated in the endocytosis of exogenous particles, and the uptake ability was conspicuously enhanced by the LPS challenge. Although the expression of the degrading enzyme, hyaluronidase, was generally low in the LYVE-1-expressing cells, they were topographically associated with a dense distribution of macrophages possessing hyaluronidase activities in each tissue. These findings suggest that the LYVE-1-expressing cells might be involved in the uptake of hyaluronan and other waste products as well as foreign particles circulating in the blood and lymph while participating in the subsequent degradation in relay with adjacent macrophage populations. LYVE-1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1) has been identified as a reliable marker that is expressed predominantly in the lymphatic endothelium (5, 29). Both the chemical structure and function of LYVE-1 resemble those of a well-established hyaluronan receptor, CD44, which has a 41% similarity to LYVE-1 and is characterized as an inflammatory leukocyte homing receptor. CD44 is widely expressed in the epithelium, mesothelium, mesenchymal cells, and cells of hematopoietic origin (22), while LYVE-1 has been shown in early studies to display a restricted distribution to the lymphatic endothelium and be completely absent from blood vessels, except for sinusoidal endothelial cells in the spleen (5). Subsequent studies have also detected the expression of LYVE-1 in sinusoidal endothelial cells using paraffin sections of the liver, spleen and lymph node of humans (1, 26). However, our preliminary immunohistochemical study using frozen sections from rodents found a broader distribution of LYVE-1 in the endothelium of other organs, including the lung, adrenal gland, heart, and adenohypophysis. In addition, the sinus reticular cells in the medulla of the lymph node intensely expressed LYVE-1. Interestingly, most of these belong

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Section: Topographical and Functional Relationship Between Lyve-1-expmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The selective distribution of LYVE-1-expressing endothelial cells and reticular cells in the reticulo-endothelial system (RES)

Zheng¹,

Kimura²,

Nio‐Kobayashi³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Res.

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“…Sinusoidal fenestration is known to disappear with age and negatively impacts liver function. 22 We performed RIPC on old mice and prepared liver immediately after the last RIPC cycle for electron microscopy. Although liver of shamtreated mice had typical signs of pseudocapillarization, fenestration in sinusoids of RIPC-treated mice was enlarged and more regular (Fig.…”

Section: Ripc Mitigates Age-related Deficiencies In Hepatic Sinusoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning

et al. 2016

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“…1,2) The unique permeable structure provided by LSECs enables plasma to freely access to the disse space (which is the space between LSECs and hepatocytes), whereby hepatocytes can exchange small molecules (like nutrients) without directly contacting the blood stream.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a New Conditionally Immortalized Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Zhu

Koibuchi

Ide

et al. 2018

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which are specialized endothelial cells that line liver sinusoids, have been reported to participate in a variety of liver functions, such as blood macromolecule clearance and factor VIII production. In addition, LSECs play crucial roles in liver regeneration following acute liver injury, as well as the development and progression of liver diseases or drug-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their roles remain mostly unknown. Therefore, in order to contribute to the clarification of those mechanisms, herein we report on the development of a new immortalized human LSEC (HLSEC) line. To produce this cell line, two immortalized genes were introduced into the primary HLSECs, which eventually resulted in the establishment of the HLSEC/conditionally immortalized, clone-J (HLSEC/ciJ). Consistent with the two-immortalized gene expression, HLSEC/ciJ showed excellent proliferation activity. Additionally, the results of gene expression analyses showed that several LSEC (as well as pan-endothelial) marker mRNAs and proteins were clearly expressed in HLSEC/ciJ. Furthermore, we found that adherence junction proteins were localized at the cell border in the HLSEC/ciJ monolayer, and that the cells exhibited a tube-like structure formation property. Taken together, the results obtained thus far indicate that we have successfully immortalized HLSECs, resulting in creation of HLSEC/ciJ, a cell line that possesses infinite proliferation ability while retaining possession of at least some HLSEC features. We believe that the HLSEC/ciJ have the potential to provide a valuable and unlimited alternative source of HLSECs for use in liver/LSEC physiology/pathophysiology, pharmacology, and toxicology studies.Key words liver sinusoidal endothelial cell; immortalized cell; in vitro liver model; liver Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized endothelial cells lining a liver sinusoid, which is a type of blood vessels characterized by a lack of distinctive basement membrane and the presence of small open pores, called fenestrae.

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Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Cited by 231 publications

References 278 publications

<b>The selective distribution of LYVE-1-expressing endothelial cells and reticular cells in the reticulo-endothelial system </b><b>(RES) </b>

<b>The selective distribution of LYVE-1-expressing endothelial cells and reticular cells in the reticulo-endothelial system </b><b>(RES) </b>

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning

Development of a New Conditionally Immortalized Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

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