Livestock-associated MRSA survival on house flies (Musca domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) after removal from a Danish pig farm

Stelder, Jonno Jorn; Kjær, Lene Jung; Jensen, Lars; Boklund, Anette; Denwood, Matt; Carlsen, Margrethe; Bødker, René

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83228-7

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Human carriers and fomites have also been recognised as a possible route to introduce LA-MRSA to a herd (Broens et al 2011b;. It has been suggested that house-and stable flies might spread LA-MRSA between farms (Stelder et al 2021). The spread may be further accelerated if LA-MRSA is introduced into a breeding herd which supplies pigs to many other herds (European Food Safety Authority 2010; Sieber et al 2018).…”

Section: La-mrsa In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control strategies for LA-MRSA in Swedish pig production: A disease modelling approach

Tuominen¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to global health. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a category of multiresistant bacteria that primarily colonises livestock animals. While pigs are considered its main reservoir, LA-MRSA is zoonotic and causes an occupational risk to those working with livestock. However, LA-MRSA is also capable of spreading to humans without livestock contact. Although LA-MRSA carriers are usually asymptomatic, LA-MRSA can cause a wide range of infections in humans. The aim of this thesis was to use disease modelling to study the spread of LAMRSA and assess possible control strategies in a Swedish farrow-to-finish pig herd—additionally, the thesis aimed to fill knowledge gaps regarding the survival of LA-MRSA in the farm environment. The modelling studies concluded that eradicating LA-MRSA is challenging. Early detection and introduction of control measures were considerably more effective in lowering the within-herd prevalence than measures that were implemented when LA-MRSA had become established in the herd. The time to disease elimination was at least 300 days even with the most effective control measures that were introduced early at the outbreak phase of disease spread. In an experimental study, the survival of LA-MRSA strains belonging to the clonal complex (CC) 398 varied on different surface materials (concrete, polypropylene plastic and stainless steel). This finding can be beneficial when planning efficient cleaning and disinfection routines in pig farms. In conclusion, investing in early detection and intensive early control measures may be justified if a low LA-MRSA prevalence country aims to have LA-MRSAfree pig herds.

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Section: La-mrsa In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control strategies for LA-MRSA in Swedish pig production: A disease modelling approach

Tuominen¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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“…Meanwhile, warm climates can shorten the egg stage of housefly to 7–10 days [ 7 ], causing the proliferation of houseflies. Houseflies can transmit microorganisms by physical contact and have been demonstrated to mediate seasonal transmission of pathogens such as Shigella [ 8 ] and Streptococcus [ 9 ] in areas of human activity, as well as Staphylococcus aureus [ 10 ], multidrug-resistant Salmonella [ 11 ] and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus [ 12 ] in swine farms. However, the role of houseflies in influencing microbial environment within farms has not been well demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of leftover feed shapes environmental microbiota and limits houseflies-mediated dispersion of pathogenic bacteria in sow breeding farms

Li,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2024

anim microbiome

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Background Intensive swine breeding industry generates a complex environment where several microbial interactions occur and which constitutes a challenge for biosafety. Ad libitum feeding strategies and low levels of management contribute to residual and wasted feed for lactating sows, which provides a source of nutrients and microbial source for houseflies in warm climates. Due to the absence of the all-in/all-out system, the coexistence of sows of two production stages including gestating and lactating sows in the farrowing barn may have potential negative impacts. In this research, we evaluated the effects of lactating sow leftover on the environmental microbiota of the farrowing barn and the contribution of microbial environments to the gestating sow fecal bacterial structure with a 30-day-long treatment of timely removing lactating residual feed. Results Houseflies in the farrowing barn mediate the transmission of microorganisms from lactating sow leftover to multiple regions. Leuconostoc, Weissella, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus from the leftover which can produce exopolysaccharides, are more capable of environmental transmission than pathogenic microorganisms including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus and utilize houseflies to achieve spread in environmental regions of the farrowing barn. Leftover removal treatment blocked the microbial transmission chain mediated by houseflies, downregulated the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus among houseflies, environmental regions and fecal bacteria of gestating sows in the farrowing barn and effectively attenuate the increment of Weissella and RF39 relative abundance in gestating sow feces due to the presence of lactating sows. Conclusions Lactating sow leftover is a non-negligible microbial contributor of environment in farrowing barn whose transmission is mediated by houseflies. A 30-day-long treatment of removing lactating sow residual feed cause significant changes in the microbial structure of multiple environmental regions within the farrowing barn via altering the microbiota carried by houseflies. Meanwhile, lactating sow leftover affect the fecal microbial structure of gestating sows in the same farrowing barn, while removal of lactating sow leftover alleviates the contribution of microbial transmission.

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“…Akter and colleagues reported the isolation of S. aureus from 60% and 75% of Musca domestica samples collected in poultry and dairy farms, respectively [ 23 ]. Stelder and collaborators detected 7.8% and 5.4% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains in stable flies and house flies collected on a pig farm [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (Musca domestica) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms

et al. 2023

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House flies (Musca domestica) are very diffuse insects attracted by biological materials. They are abundantly present in farm environments and can frequently come in contact with animals, feed, manure, waste, surfaces, and fomites; consequently, these insects could be contaminated, carry, and disperse several microorganisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in house flies collected in poultry and swine farms. Thirty-five traps were placed in twenty-two farms; from each trap, 3 different kinds of samples were tested: attractant material present in the traps, the body surface of house flies and the body content of house flies. Staphylococci were detected in 72.72% of farms, 65.71% of traps and 43.81% of samples. Only coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated, and 49 isolates were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test. Most of the isolates were resistant to amikacin (65.31%), ampicillin (46.94%), rifampicin (44.90%), tetracycline (40.82%) and cefoxitin (40.82%). Minimum Inhibitory concentration assay allowed to confirm 11/49 (22.45%) staphylococci as methicillin-resistant; 4 of them (36.36%) carried the mecA gene. Furthermore, 53.06% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Higher levels of resistance and multidrug resistance were detected in CoNS isolated from flies collected in poultry farms than in swine farms. Therefore, house flies could carry MDR and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, representing a possible source of infection for animals and humans.

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Livestock-associated MRSA survival on house flies (Musca domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) after removal from a Danish pig farm

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Control strategies for LA-MRSA in Swedish pig production: A disease modelling approach

Control strategies for LA-MRSA in Swedish pig production: A disease modelling approach

Removal of leftover feed shapes environmental microbiota and limits houseflies-mediated dispersion of pathogenic bacteria in sow breeding farms

Antimicrobial Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Carried by House Flies (Musca domestica) Captured in Swine and Poultry Farms

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