Living Environment of Nomads Residing on the Outskirts of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia– Dispositional Characteristics from the Perspective of a Comparison of Nomads and People Living in Ger Fixed Residences in the City –

Abstract

This study can be placed in a series of researches and studies we have conducted regarding the relation between the life style with few environmental burdens the nomads have fostered in their traditional pastoral society and their perception of their life and communities. For the study, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey targeted at the nomads living in the suburbs of Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia and then organized the responses to identify the characteristic tendencies of their awareness of life and their activities.In this paper, the characteristics of the perception of the living environment the nomads residing in the suburbs of Ulaanbaatar have were compared and analyzed with those of the residents in the ger districts (Gandan district in the Bayangol region) in the urban area of Ulaanbaatar with the aim of identifying similarities and differences in their living environments and perception of their living. By this process, the authors fully understood the actual situation and characteristic tendencies of the pastoral life and also gained a basic knowledge regarding the establishment of a sustainable living environment where coexistence can be found between people and people and between man and nature based on the region-specific environmental characteristics.

Understanding urbanization and its impact on the livelihood levels of urban residents in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

“…It is difficult for them to gain formal employment except temporary work (e.g., unlicensed taxi drivers and cleaners) (Mayer, ; Yi, ), unless they have a migration permit and sufficient job skills (Yi & Shi, ). Most rural migrants currently earn 150,000 to 300,000 Tugrik (about 75$ to 120$) a month (Yi & Shi, ), and more than 60% of them replied that they can't even afford ordinary living needs (Sugimoto et al, ; Yi & Shi, ). Our results also demonstrate that urbanization have a positive lag effect on the urban residents’ wages, and it will improve the residents’ monthly average wages and salaries at a lag of 3 years (See Table ).…”

“…Moreover, the population of ger areas was estimated to comprise more than 60% of the total population (Byambadorj, Amati, & Ruming, ; Diener & Hagen, ; Yi & Shi, ). Due to the inadequate provision of basic services (Kawagishi, Sugimoto, Kitano, Gonchigbat, & Hirota, ; Sugimoto, Kawagishi, Kitano, Gonchigbat, & Hirota, ), the ger areas have become synonymous with poverty, pollution, and disease. The built‐up core and the ger areas are juxtaposed as two seemingly contradictory elements that reflect the livelihood levels of urban residents in Ulaanbaatar.…”

Ардчиллын Тэмцэл Сорилтын Жилүүдэд: Монгол Ба Дэлхийн Улс Орнууд Туршлагажиж Эхэлсэн Нь

“…Within the city, issues of pollution and environmental degradation are tied to ger district residents' "low awareness" of how to properly dispose of waste (Altantuya et al, 2012;Sugimoto et al, 2007). Despite their comparatively tiny water usage, ger district residents' "improper" disposal of wastewater is linked to soil contamination.…”