This paper is the second report following the "Living Environment of Nomads Residing on the Outskirts of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia." The series of this study aims to reveal characteristic tendencies in the perception of livelihood and activities and behaviors of the nomads and to study the relationship between the life system with fewer environmental burdens fostered in the traditional nomad society and their perception of livelihood and communities.Opinion surveys and interviews were conducted for nomads residing on the outskirts of Ulaanbaatar regarding their summer (August) campsites. A spatial configuration survey (measurement survey) of the groups (Khot-ail) formed by nomads was also conducted. The purpose was to consider the relationship between the living space and the unique lifestyle of nomads and their perceptions and activities, with the aim of obtaining basic knowledge regarding the creation of the unique nomad living environment. The results indicated that the sustainable lifestyle of nomads that is rooted in the characteristics of the natural environment is the result of the "cooperative and cooperative labor" quality of nomadic life, as seen in the daily life and leisure activities of nomads, and the "flexibility" of nomadic life, as seen in the mobility of nomads, the spatial configuration and household makeup of the Khot-ail and so on.

This study can be placed in a series of researches and studies we have conducted regarding the relation between the life style with few environmental burdens the nomads have fostered in their traditional pastoral society and their perception of their life and communities. For the study, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey targeted at the nomads living in the suburbs of Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia and then organized the responses to identify the characteristic tendencies of their awareness of life and their activities.In this paper, the characteristics of the perception of the living environment the nomads residing in the suburbs of Ulaanbaatar have were compared and analyzed with those of the residents in the ger districts (Gandan district in the Bayangol region) in the urban area of Ulaanbaatar with the aim of identifying similarities and differences in their living environments and perception of their living. By this process, the authors fully understood the actual situation and characteristic tendencies of the pastoral life and also gained a basic knowledge regarding the establishment of a sustainable living environment where coexistence can be found between people and people and between man and nature based on the region-specific environmental characteristics.

This paper is Part 3 of the "Study on Living Space Planning in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia" a study that focuses on the residential and living environments of apartment districts in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, and their relationship to the daily activities of the residents in those districts and the perceptions of those residents regarding their lifestyles. The goal of the study is to determine the trends and characteristics of residential and living spaces in apartment districts in urban parts of Ulaanbaatar, in order to identify the unique Mongolian approach to living space planning that is grounded in the intricate interrelationships among people, activities, and spaces. In this part of the study, the impressions of residents and the nature of their activities as well as the individual opinions of individual residents, obtained through a questionnaire survey conducted at two apartment complexes with differing layouts, were used to determine the current status of residential and living environments in apartment districts in urban parts of Ulaanbaatar. Through a comparative analysis of the specifi c activities of apartment residents and their evaluations of these activities, the status and characteristics of residential and living environments at apartment complexes was identifi ed. In addition, improvements needed for residential and living environments and daily and community activities at apartment complexes were also considered in order to identify issues to be resolved in the future.