“Living” free radical copolymerization of styrene and N‐vinylcarbazole

Abstract

Poly[styrene-co-(N-vinylcarbazole)] copolymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities were synthesized by nitroxide-mediated "living" free radical copolymerization using an initiator/capping agent system consisting of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and the stable nitroxyl radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO). The copolymerization behaves in a "living" fashion and allows the synthesis of poly[styrene-co-(N-vinylcarbazole)]/polystyrene block copolymers via a controlled chain-extension reaction of the prepared copolymers with styrene.

TEMPO-controlled radical suspension polymerization of poly(styrene)-block-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene)-block-poly(styrene-co-butyl methacrylate)

“…The controlled radical polymerization is a method for the synthesis of block copolymers with well defined molecular weight [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . In contrast to the ionic polymerization, this method is characterized through its insensitivity to contaminations in the starting materials, oxygen and water.…”

TEMPO-controlled free radical suspension polymerization

“…In this way, it is possible to synthesize a new type of block copolymers, for example by connecting homopolymer with copolymer blocks [6][7][8] . Every thought on a technical realization of this type of reaction requires knowledge about the polymerization up to high conversions and a control on the block lengths.…”

Electrogenerated networks from poly[4-(diphenylamino)benzyl methacrylate] and their electrochromic properties

“…Nevertheless, several attempts to synthesize PVK using various controlled radical polymerization systems have been reported in the literature. Polymerization via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) can be only readily mediated using xanthates or dithiocarbamate as the chains transfer agent [16,[18][19][20][21] or nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) [22] and by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [23,24]. Several attempts for synthesis of vinyl polymers having triphenylamine as pendant groups, using controlled radical polymerization (NMP [25][26][27][28] and RAFT [29][30][31][32]) or living anionic route [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] have been recently reported.…”