TEMPO-controlled radical suspension polymerization of poly(styrene)-block-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene)-block-poly(styrene-co-butyl methacrylate)

Taube, Carsten; Schmidt‐Naake, Gudrun

doi:10.1002/1439-2054(20000601)279:1<26::aid-mame26>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…221,222 A two-step process was used to create stable suspension beads in which the aqueous phase first had to be prepared in a separate step requiring the surfactants to be boiled. Although stable polymer beads were obtained using this process, the polymers produced showed very broad molecular weight distributions, which were attributed to the presence of dead chains that were calculated to be 36 % of the total number of chains at 72 % monomer conversion, a rather significant contribution.…”

Section: Other Aqueous Polymerization Processessupporting

confidence: 90%

Application of Stable Radicals as Mediators in Living‐Radical Polymerization

2010

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Section: Other Aqueous Polymerization Processessupporting

confidence: 90%

Application of Stable Radicals as Mediators in Living‐Radical Polymerization

2010

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“…Nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) is one of the controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques that have been successfully utilized in synthesizing polymers. The early NMP using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy (TEMPO) as mediator was mainly applied to synthesis of styrenic‐based1–4 polymers. With the second generation of acyclic nitroxides such as tert‐ butyl[1‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl]aminooxidanyl (SG1, Scheme ), acrylic‐based5–8 and acrylamide‐based9–11 polymers can also be synthesized with a high level of control (i.e., narrow molecular weight distribution, linear increase in molecular weight with conversion).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Benzyl Methacrylate/Styrene Random Copolymers Prepared by NMP

Zhang

Lessard

Marić

2010

Macro Reaction Engineering

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BzMA/styrene random copolymers were synthesized in bulk (molar feed compositions fBzMA,0 = 10–90 mol‐%) at 90 °C by NMP with about 10% free SG1 relative to BlocBuilder initiator. Reactivity ratios (rBzMA = 0.86 ± 0.36, rstyrene = 0.27 ± 0.14) were comparable to those reported by conventional radical polymerization. Linear $\overline M _{\rm n} $ increase with conversion was observed up to ∼50% conversion, and all copolymers had low $\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n} $ = 1.2–1.4. The $\left\langle {k_{\rm p} } \right\rangle \left\langle K \right\rangle $ ($\left\langle {k_{\rm p} } \right\rangle $ = average propagation rate constant and $\left\langle K \right\rangle $ = average equilibrium constant) exponentially increased with increasing fBzMA,0. Chain extensions with styrene at 110 °C initiated by BzMA/styrene copolymers made with fBzMA,0 <80 mol‐% were highly living while macroinitatiors with fBzMA,0 >90 mol‐% were not, based on GPC and 31P NMR results.

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“…Besides environmental reasons (avoidance of organic solvents) also above mentioned reaction engineering aspects favor heterophase polymerizations with water as continuous phase. Consequently, the number of papers dealing with the development of CRP in heterogeneous aqueous systems grew rapidly during the last two years95–114 and recently two reviews have been published on CRP in dispersed media 115,116…”

Section: Benefits Of Heterophase Polymerization Processes (Hpp) and Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

90 Years of Polymer Latexes and Heterophase Polymerization: More vital than ever

Antonietti

Tauer

2003

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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An attempt is made to give an overview on the historical and possible future development of heterophase polymerization techniques in liquid continuous media to prepare polymer dispersions. Polymer latexes play an essential role in our daily life as they are present visibly or hidden in a variety of products such cosmetics, detergents, newspapers, or paints and lacquers. More than 10 million tons of polymers are produced by heterophase polymerization techniques worldwide yearly. The majority of heterophase polymerizations is carried out in water as continuous phase and hence, they are belong to green chemistry with increasing importance due to environmental reasons. The compartmentalization of the reaction volume into domains of colloidal size (between a few nm3 and μm3) is the characteristic feature and relates both to the problems and the potential promises of this class of polymers. Special emphasis is placed with regard to the development of new heterophase polymerization techniques, the adoption of new polymerization mechanism to the particular conditions of heterophase polymerization, the synthesis of block copolymers and nanoparticulate hybride structures, the development of new stabilizers and polymerization aids, and the usage of specialty latexes as model systems to learn more about complex matter.

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TEMPO-controlled radical suspension polymerization of poly(styrene)-block-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene)-block-poly(styrene-co-butyl methacrylate)

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Application of Stable Radicals as Mediators in Living‐Radical Polymerization

Application of Stable Radicals as Mediators in Living‐Radical Polymerization

Synthesis and Characterization of Benzyl Methacrylate/Styrene Random Copolymers Prepared by NMP

90 Years of Polymer Latexes and Heterophase Polymerization: More vital than ever

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