Living with trauma: impact of police killings on the lives of the family and Community of Child and Teen Victims

Outland, Rafael L.; Noel, Thomas J.; Rounsville, Kris; Boatwright, Tomas; Waleed, Craig; Abraham, Asia

doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01129-w

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The rational for this work is grounded in the reality that in the US, police kill citizenry with impunity, or death by lethal intervention (Gilbert & Ray, 2015). These violent and traumatic events can lead to short and long-term complex grief and PTSD for survivors (Outland et al, 2020;Shane et al, 2017). Furthermore, child and teen victims of police killings have been under-researched, and there is an urgency to raise public awareness related to youthful lives that are lost at the hands of law enforcement agents (Miller, 2015;Staggers-Hakim, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These realities in the aftermath of a police killing of a citizen further exacerbate Black and Brown youth's fear and distrust toward police due to increased possibilities of racial profiling and harassment by officers (Aymer, 2016;Outland et al, 2020;Smith, 2015). Moreover, these realities can have an adverse influence on the psychological and emotional wellbeing of the victim's family and friends (Rheingold et al, 2012;Zinzow et al, 2009;Staggers-Hakim, 2016).…”

Section: Extrajudicial Killings Of Citizens By Policementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited research has been conducted surrounding the impact of police killings on the lives of children, teens, and adults (Outland et al, 2020). However, some studies have investigated the impact of traumatic death on the lives of teen and adult homicide survivors.…”

Section: Impact Of Violent Death On Homicide Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the experiences of family, friends, and community members of deceased youth can provide vital information regarding 1) police accountability following these situations, and 2) the impact of youth killings by police on survivors' overall well-being (Kristensen, Weisaeth, & Heir, 2012;Nakajima et al, 2012;Zinzow et al, 2009). Using qualitative approaches, such as in-depth interviews and focus groups, information collected from such an investigation could provide vital knowledge for counselors and service providers who find themselves in a position to provide crisis support and advocacy for the family and friends of the deceased youth (Outland et al, 2020).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such fear and distrust can also stem from the impact of police killings on the family, friends, and loved ones of youth victims. These traumatic events can lead to complex grief and traumatic stress, which can involve ruminating thoughts of the event, challenges with daily activities, long-term mental and emotional struggles, and continued encounters and harassment by police (Outland, Noel, Rounsville, Boatwright, Abraham, & Waleed, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Why Black and Brown Youth Fear and Distrust Police: An Exploration of Youth Killed by Police in the US (2016/2017), Implications for Counselors and Service Providers

Outland¹

2021

JSS

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Black and Brown youth homicides by police remain a public health epidemic. Such occurrences can contribute to these youth's fear and distrust toward officers. The purpose of this manuscript was to provide evidence of why Black and Brown youth fear and distrust police, and to discuss implications for counselors and service providers who work with survivors of youth killings by police. Using a preexisting database, this work explored the frequency of youth killings by police in 2016/2017. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results revealed that 116 youth were killed by police. Black males were killed four times more often than Brown and White males, and White females were killed four times more often than Black females. Recommendations for government and judicial services, along with youth activists and mental health care providers, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extrajudicial Killings Of Citizens By Policementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Violent Death On Homicide Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Why Black and Brown Youth Fear and Distrust Police: An Exploration of Youth Killed by Police in the US (2016/2017), Implications for Counselors and Service Providers

Outland¹

2021

JSS

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Whose Pain Matters? Racial Differences in Perceptions of Emotional Pain After Fatal Police Shootings

Kahn,

Money,

Lake

2024

Race Soc Probl

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Patient, carer and family experiences of seeking redress and reconciliation following a life‐changing event: Systematic review of qualitative evidence

Shaw

Lawal

Briscoe

et al. 2023

Health Expectations

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IntroductionWe conducted a systematic review of qualitative evidence to improve understanding of the processes and outcomes of redress and reconciliation following a life‐changing event from the perspectives of individuals experiencing the event and their families.MethodsWe searched six bibliographic databases for primary qualitative evidence exploring the views of individuals who have experienced a life‐changing event, and/or their family or carers, of redress or reconciliation processes. This was supplemented with targeted database searches, forward and backward citation chasing and searches of Google Scholar and relevant websites. Title and abstract and full‐text screening were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted by one reviewer and checked by a second. We used a best‐fit framework synthesis approach, drawing upon procedural and restorative justice concepts.FindingsFifty‐three studies (61 papers) were eligible for inclusion. Forty‐one studies (47 papers) were included in the synthesis, from which we identified four themes. Three themes ‘Transparency’, ‘Person‐centered’ and ‘Trustworthy’ represent the procedural elements required to support a fair and objective process. The fourth, ‘Restorative justice’ encapsulates how a fair process feels to those who have experienced a life‐changing event. This theme highlights the importance of an empathic relationship between the different parties involved in the redress‐reconciliation process and the significance of being able to engage in meaningful action.ConclusionOur findings highlight the procedural aspects and context of redress‐reconciliation processes required to ensure that the process and outcomes are experienced as fair. These criteria may be applied to the processes used to investigate both recent and historical patient safety events.Public ContributionOne member of the public affiliated with the Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility helped develop the review protocol. Two people with experience of medically life‐changing events provided insight which corroborated our findings and identified important limitations of the evidence included in this review.

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Living with trauma: impact of police killings on the lives of the family and Community of Child and Teen Victims

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Why Black and Brown Youth Fear and Distrust Police: An Exploration of Youth Killed by Police in the US (2016/2017), Implications for Counselors and Service Providers

Why Black and Brown Youth Fear and Distrust Police: An Exploration of Youth Killed by Police in the US (2016/2017), Implications for Counselors and Service Providers

Whose Pain Matters? Racial Differences in Perceptions of Emotional Pain After Fatal Police Shootings

Patient, carer and family experiences of seeking redress and reconciliation following a life‐changing event: Systematic review of qualitative evidence

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