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Book Reviews 159 rhetoric outruns the evidence. Happily these shortcomings do not emerge large in what is otherwise a commendable work on a not-often-studied subject.For the reader interested in the questions of charitable and cultural philanthropy in Chicago and elsewhere, Noblesse Oblige is a worthy addition to the scholarly literature.

Qualitative research was conducted with eight formerly incarcerated Black men on their experiences with what counseling scholar Anderson Franklin has dubbed “invisibility syndrome.” Invisibility syndrome is “an inner struggle with the feeling that one's talents, abilities, personality, and worth are not valued or even recognized because of prejudice and racism.” Results found five superordinate themes, including painfulness of invisibility, pervasiveness of invisibility, awareness of power relations, coping with invisibility, and importance of healing. Implications for counseling formerly incarcerated Black men are provided.

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