Lixisenatide

Abstract

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In vivo degradation forms, anti-degradation strategies, and clinical applications of therapeutic peptides in non-infectious chronic diseases

“…With twice-a-day administration, Exenatide significantly increased the life quality and productivity of patients with type 2 diabetes (McCormack, 2014). Lixisenatide is an analogue of human GLP-1, which is also used in type 2 diabetes therapy (Baker and Levien, 2017;Meier, 2012)}. This 44-AA peptide functions through binding to and activating the GLP-1 receptor, resulting in secretion of GLP-1 and prompting pancreatic beta cells to release insulin in response to elevated levels of blood glucose (Nauck et al, 2021;Trujillo et al, 2021).…”

“…Routinely used in clinical therapy (Baker and Levien, 2017;Meier, 2012;Trujillo et al, 2021;Werner et al, Phase III clinical trials (Bereket, 2017;Mejia-Otero et al, 2021;Periti et al, 2002) Natrecor® Phase II & III clinical trials (Ghatnekar et al, 2015;Ghatnekar et al, 2009;Montgomery et al, 2018) Abbreviations: αCT1: alpha-carboxy terminus 1; AA(s): amino acid(s); i.v. : intravenous injection; MS: multiple sclerosis…”

Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies in Ischemic Stroke: An Update Based on Preclinical Research

“…With enhanced potency and persistence through biochemical modification, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become effective agents for treating T2DM and are widely used worldwide. At present, the GLP-1 receptor agonists exendin-4 (Exenatide, Byetta ® , Bydureon ® ) ( 44 , 45 ), liraglutide (Victoza ® ) ( 46 ), albiglutide [Eperzan ® (EU) Tanzeum ® (US)] ( 47 , 48 ), dulaglutide (Trulicity™ ® ) ( 49 ), lixisenatide (Lyxumia ® , Adlyxin ® ) ( 50 ), semaglutide (Ozempic ® , Rybelsus ® ) ( 51 , 52 ), are approved to treat T2DM ( 53 ) (see Table 1 ). These analogs are administered orally or subcutaneously and are well-tolerated by patients.…”