lncRNAs in Non-Malignant Tissue Have Prognostic Value in Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cause of cancer related death in Europe, clinically relevant biomarkers for therapy guidance and prognosis are insufficiently reliable. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs over 200 nucleotides long that are not translated into proteins but can influence biological processes. There is emerging evidence for their involvement in solid cancer as oncogenes, tumour suppressors or regulators of cell proliferation and metastasis development. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of selected lncRNAs in a retrospective study on CRC patients from the Czech Republic. We used a quantitative PCR approach to measure the expression in paired non-malignant and tumour tissue samples of CRC patients of nine lncRNAs previously shown to be involved in cancer progression—ANRIL, CCAT1, GAS5, linc-ROR, MALAT1, MIR155HG, PCAT1, SPRY4-IT1 and TUG1. Associations between expression and expression ratios and clinical characteristics and survival were assessed by using univariable Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan-Meier estimations with the Gehan-Wilcoxon test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s correlations. A comparison of expression in tumour tissue (TT) and non-malignant mucosa tissue (MT) showed significant upregulation of CCAT1 and linc-ROR in TT (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and downregulation of ANRIL, MIR155HG and MALAT1 (p = 0.001, p = 0.010, p = 0.001, respectively). Linc-ROR was significantly associated with the presence of synchronous metastases (p = 0.033). For individual tissue types, lower MIR155HG expression in TT was correlated with both shorter overall survival (p = 0.008) and shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.040). In MT, expression ratios of CCAT1/ANRIL and CCAT1/MIR155HG were associated with overall survival (p = 0.005 and p = 0.006, respectively). Our results revealed that changes in expression of lncRNAs between MT and TT hold potential to be used as prognostic biomarkers in CRC patients. Moreover, the ratios of CCAT1 to ANRIL and MIR155HG in MT also exhibit potential for prognosis assessment without tumour sampling. Our results also indicate that cancer progression is associated with detrimental system-wide changes in patient tissue, which might govern patient survival even after successful elimination of tumour or cancerous cells.

<p>The Long Non-Coding RNA-RoR Promotes the Tumorigenesis of Human Colorectal Cancer by Targeting miR-6833-3p Through SMC4</p>

“…Thiele et al have indicated that LINC-RoR was associated with the progression of CRC. 23 Moreover, Li et al have outlined that LINC RoR can influence the cell proliferation via p53. 24 Yang et al revealed that LINC-RoR promoted the resistance of radiotherapy for human CRC cells by targeting the p53/miR-145 pathway.…”

Analysis of the relationship between MIR155HG variants and gastric Cancer susceptibility

“…MIR155HG was found to be a marker of early stage cancer development [20]. MIR155HG gene is activated by MYB transcription factor and thus up-regulated, which in turn leaded to down-regulation of many tumor suppressor genes [21].…”

Salivary LDOC1 is a gender-difference biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…The diagnosis of oral cancer always performed by the dentists with visual examination and palpation of the oral mucosa (Shibahara, 2017). Saliva contains abundant RNA molecules (Fabryova & Celec, 2014; Li et al, 2006), which serve as potential diagnostic markers of cancer (Achour & Aguilo, 2018; Chen et al, 2018; Chi et al, 2018; Thiele et al, 2018; Yu et al, 2017). Moreover, saliva collection is a non-invasive method that can be used to detect risk-associated biomarkers for diseases, and is more acceptable to certain age groups—i.e., children and the elderly—than blood sampling (Liu & Duan, 2012; Zhang et al, 2016).…”