Load frequency control for power systems with wind turbines

Load Frequency Control of Two-area Interconnected Power System Using Optimal Controller, PID Controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller

“…AGC computes the Area Control Error (ACE) defined as net real power interchange together with a gain, called the frequency bias, as a multiplier on the frequency deviation and also changes the output set point position of the generators within the area, so as to keep the ACE at a very low value, near to zero [1,2]. In the operation and control of interconnected power systems, problem of controlling the real power output of the synchronous generators in response to changes in system frequency and tie-line power interchange within specified limits is known as Load Frequency Control (LFC) [3]. A number of control strategies like optimal controller, PID controller, have been employed in the design of load frequency controllers, in order to achieve better dynamic performance.…”

“…Moreover, recently intelligent approaches, like FLC and Fuzzy-PID controllers are being applied for optimal load frequency controller design. Load Frequency Controllers Generally, LFC in AGC is systematically arranged in two different levels [3]: Primary control is provided by the speed governor on each of the synchronous generators, which provide automatic control action to sudden change of load, and Secondary control is provided by the LFC loop with the conventional or modern controller to keep ACE to zero. The objectives of LFC are to minimize the transient deviations in system frequency and tie-line power interchange and to ensure their steady state errors to be zeros, under unexpected external disturbances.…”