Loading an organophosphorous flame retardant into halloysite nanotubes for modifying UV-curable epoxy resin

Zheng, Tiancheng; Ni, Xiuyuan

doi:10.1039/c6ra08178a

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The structure of a thermosetting resin includes a chemical structure and an aggregated structure . Both of them are dependent on the reaction mechanism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 The addition of 20 wt % HNT or even more into poly(propylene), EP resin, or polyethylene reduces the peak heat release rate (PHRR) by 15% to 40%. 27,28 Li et al 29 prepared polyamide 6 composites with rGO grafted with HNT (HNT-d-rGO) and found that the PHRR and total heat release (THR) of the composite with 1 wt % HNT-d-rGO decreased 11.3% and 20.3%, respectively. However, the grafting of HNT on GO is based on the reaction between AOH of GO and acid chloride, while GO itself also has AOH, which can lead to chemical reactions among them, so it is difficult to ensure a uniform dispersion of GO in polymers, and then the flame-retarding effect of GO cannot be well exhibited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Yuan³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Development of high‐performance thermosetting resins by adding environmentally friendly flame retardant to heat‐resistant resins without deteriorating their outstanding thermal stability is an important research direction. Here, a unique hybrid (GHNT) consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) was synthesized, and then a series of composites based on cyanate ester (CE) resin were fabricated. The effects of GHNT on the heat resistance, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of GHNT/CE composites were intensively investigated. The GHNT/CE composite with 5.0 wt % GHNT not only has about 15.1 °C higher initial degradation temperature, but also shows 54.6% or 37.9% lower peak heat release rate or maximum smoke density than CE resin. These results clearly demonstrate that GHNT is not the simple combination of GO and HNT; instead, it obviously shows positive synergistic effects in simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and thermal resistance of CE resin. The improved flame retardancy could be attributed to condensed‐phase mechanisms, including increasing char yield, building a dense char layer, and free radical scavenging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46587.

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“…The structure of a thermosetting resin includes a chemical structure and an aggregated structure . Both of them are dependent on the reaction mechanism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Yuan³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The flame eventually gets extinguished because there is no fuel that can be burned . The aluminum‐containing hydroxide of HNTs can release water at high temperature, which is an endothermic process that releases water vapor to dilute the combustible gas and suppresses the release of toxic fumes, thereby increasing the flame retardancy of PUF …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25] The aluminumcontaining hydroxide of HNTs can release water at high temperature, which is an endothermic process that releases water vapor to dilute the combustible gas and suppresses the release of toxic fumes, thereby increasing the flame retardancy of PUF. [64] In order to study the flame retardancy in more details, the samples were tested in an limited oxygen index (LOI) tester according to the standard protocol (GB/T 2406, China). LOI is a test method commonly used to evaluate the flammability of materials.…”

Section: Properties Of Hnts-pufmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two in One: Modified Polyurethane Foams by Dip‐Coating of Halloysite Nanotubes with Acceptable Flame Retardancy and Absorbency

Zheng

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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Poor flame retardancy of polyurethane foam (PUF) limits its practical application in many fields. Here, flame‐retardant performance of PUF is improved by a simple dip‐coating method. Halloysite nanotube (HNT) coating can be uniformly bonded to PUF surfaces via hydrogen‐bonding interactions, which is confirmed by element mapping and X‐ray photoelectron spectra. Density and mechanical properties of PUF increase with the concentration of HNT suspension, while porosity of the foam decreases with HNT loading. Weight ratio of HNTs to PUF in the composite can be achieved as high as 65.2%. Surfaces of PUF transfer from hydrophobic to super‐hydrophilic after HNT coating, and the water contact angle decreases from 116° to 0° after HNT coating. As a result, methylene blue adsorption capacity of HNTs‐coated PUF increases from 0.02 to 0.15 mg g−1, and adsorption efficiency can reach 98% after 10 s. HNT coating can prevent PUF from burning and dripping, which suggests that flame‐retardant performance of PUF is significantly improved by HNTs. This work establishes a general procedure for improving flame retardancy and dye absorbency of polymer materials by simple dip‐coating of environmental‐friendly clay nanotubes, which shows great potential in high‐performance polymer and functional composite materials.

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“…For example, the antioxidant has been loaded into halloysite clay for improving the anti‐aging properties of rubber . The HNT recently have been used as a kind of inorganic flame retardant in polymers which include polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, soy protein, polyamide, and epoxy resin . It is of industrial importance that the HNT can be better dispersed in polar polymers without an exfoliating treatment, as compared to other nano‐clays like montmorillonite and bentonite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading the polyol carbonization agent into clay nanotubes for the preparation of environmentally stable UV‐cured epoxy materials

Zheng

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were loaded with pentaerythritol (PER). The as‐prepared composite (HNT‐P) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was subsequently added to the UV‐curable epoxy resins, giving a new flame‐resistant system. Loading of the hydrophilic PER into HNT can reduce the moisture absorption in the UV‐curable epoxy resins. The flame retardancy was evaluated by means of the cone calorimeter and limit oxygen index test. The results showed that the flame retardancy of the modified epoxy resin was greatly improved with an obvious decrease in both the heat release and smoke release. Moreover, it was revealed that HNT could catalyze the reaction of APP and PER, and the burning surface of the epoxy resin should be covered by the polyphosphoric‐HNT intumescent char layer. We have measured the moisture sorption and dynamic mechanical properties of the UV‐cured epoxy resins. As compared to the use of the simple mixture of PER and HNT, the use of the HNT‐P nearly kept the storage modulus at about 1809 Mpa and reduced the moisture absorption by 58.2 wt % at 40 °C. The results proved that the addition of the HNT‐P obtained lower moisture absorption and higher stability of the mechanical properties than adding the simple mixture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45045.

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Loading an organophosphorous flame retardant into halloysite nanotubes for modifying UV-curable epoxy resin

Abstract: Novel flame-resistant UV-curable epoxy (EP) composites were prepared using the organophosphorous flame retardant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) which was loaded into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs).

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

Two in One: Modified Polyurethane Foams by Dip‐Coating of Halloysite Nanotubes with Acceptable Flame Retardancy and Absorbency

Loading the polyol carbonization agent into clay nanotubes for the preparation of environmentally stable UV‐cured epoxy materials

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