Loan translations versus direct loans: The impact of English on European football lexis

Bergh, Gunnar; Ohlander, Sölve

doi:10.1017/s0332586517000014

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This applies not only to individual words or short phrases, such as kick-off, yellow card and political football ('topical issue'), but also to longer expressions, where the basis is often provided by pivotal football words, not least the words ball and goal, as illustrated by idioms like to get the ball rolling, to be on the ball, to take one's eye off the ball; to score an own goal, to move the goalposts (cf. Bergh & Ohlander, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of them may be considered relatively basic to the game in its various contexts. The main part consists of the 25 football words used in the studies by Bergh & Ohlander (2012a, 2017, in turn taken from the compilation of Anglicisms presented in Görlach (2001). However, Görlach's collection is limited to words adopted as direct loans in at least one of the 16 European languages included in his material.…”

Section: Materials Investigatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…regulated, in Britain in the early1860s. Thus, football language -loosely defined as the elements making up football-related communication (spoken and written) at various levels, on and off the pitch -was, to begin with, synonymous with English football language, later to be converted to other varieties along with the international spread of the game, where English loans played a substantial role (Bergh & Ohlander, 2012b, 2017. Further, due the fast-rising popularity of the game from the late 19th century onwards, football language as a special language, with a vocabulary of its own, gradually came to infiltrate general language, continuously blurring and modifying the boundary between them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hundred Years of Football English: A Dictionary Study on the Relationship of a Special Language to General Language

Bergh

Ohlander

2019

RAEI

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General-purpose dictionaries may be assumed to reflect the core vocabulary of current language use. This implies that subsequent editions of a desk dictionary should mirror lexical changes in the general language. These include cases where special-language words have become so familiar to the general public that they may also be regarded as part of general language. This is the perspective of the present study on English football vocabulary, where a set of well-known football words – dribble, offside, etc. – are investigated as to their representation in five editions of the Concise Oxford Dictionary (1911–2011), and in four of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1948–1995). Two other dictionaries are also consulted: the Oxford Dictionary of English (2010) and – for first occurrences of the words studied – the Oxford English Dictionary. It is shown that, over the past hundred years, football vocabulary has gradually, at an accelerating pace, become more mainstream, as demonstrated by the growth of such vocabulary (e.g. striker, yellow card) in subsequent dictionary editions. Yet, some football terms make an esoteric impression, e.g. nutmeg ‘play the ball through the opponent’s legs’. Interestingly, such words also tend to be included in present-day dictionaries. Thus, football language is in a state of constant flux, responding to developments in and around the game. This is reflected in the dictionaries studied. In conclusion, due to the status and media coverage of the “people’s game” today, English general-purpose dictionaries have increasingly come to recognize much of its vocabulary as part of general language.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Investigatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hundred Years of Football English: A Dictionary Study on the Relationship of a Special Language to General Language

Bergh

Ohlander

2019

RAEI

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“…Its aim is to show that the introduction of a new sport entails an urgent onomasiological need for vernacular terminology which, in effect, leads to the proliferation of new synonyms in the recipient language. Although Anglicisms and sports terminology have been explored before (see, for example, Benson, 1958;Balteiro, 2011;Ćirić-Duvnjak, 2013;Milić, 2013;Bergh & Ohlander, 2017;Kudla, 2018), the focus on synonymy in this connection is relatively rare. The study by Cocca et al (2016) of sports terminology synonyms concentrates on their typology rather than their generation.…”

Section: Introduction: Aim and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Terminology as a Source of Synonymy in Language: the Case of Czech

Klégr

Bozděchová

2019

RAEI

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Modern sports and their terminologies in European and other languages have been strongly influenced by English. The reason is that some of the most popular sports originating in Anglophone countries have been exported to other countries together with established terminology. There are several possibilities of how to transfer terminology into recipient languages: to borrow and adapt original English terms, to use vernacular terms, or to do both. For the purposes of the study, 100 essential terms were selected for three different Anglophone sports, association football, tennis and golf, and all their Czech equivalents were gathered using available sources. It was assumed that a typical development involves the adoption of an Anglicism which is subsequently either replaced or supplemented by a vernacular term or terms. It was found that the 300 English terms are matched by the total of 540 equivalents. Thus, the results confirm the Anglicism-to-vernacular shift as a potent source of synonyms, though other intervening factors such as the length of time since the introduction of the sport, the general and social media popularity and accessibility of the sport for the general public play an important part and explain alternative patterns.

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“…,Lipoński (2009) Callies & Levin (2019). Within linguistics, the language of football has received particular attention, either generally, as inMüller (2007),Lavric et al (2008),Bergh & Ohlander (2012), or from the point of view of various subdisciplines, as inBalteiro (2011Balteiro ( , 2018Balteiro ( , 2019,Ringbom (2012),Bergh & Ohlander (2017, 2018.…”

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confidence: 99%