Local adaptation but not geographical separation promotes assortative mating in a snail

Hollander, Johan; Lindegarth, Mats; Johannesson, Kerstin

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.014

Cited by 74 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Some of them are based on a model of adaptive radiation which is intended to be more abstract and general Vose 2005, 2009). Other attempts use models tailored for particular case studies such as cichlids in a crater lake (Barluenga et al 2006;), palms on an oceanic island Savolainen et al 2006), snails on seashores (Hollander et al 2005(Hollander et al , 2006Sadedin et al 2008), and butterflies in jungles (Duenez-Guzman et al 2009;Mavárez et al 2006). The general setup in all these models is similar.…”

Section: A Theory Of Adaptive Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Dimensional Fitness Landscapes and Speciation

Gavrilets¹

2010

Evolution—the Extended Synthesis

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The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s remains the paradigm of evolutionary biology (Futuyma 1998;Gould 2002;Pigliucci 2007;Ridley 1993). The progress in understanding the process of evolution made during that period had been a direct result of the development of theoretical population genetics by Fisher, Wright, and Haldane, who built a series of mathematical models, approaches, and techniques showing how natural selection, mutation, drift, migration, and other evolutionary factors are expected to shape the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of biological populations. These theoretical advances provided "a great impetus to experimental work on the genetics of populations" (Sheppard 1954) and a "guiding light for rigorous quantitative experimentation and observation" (Dobzhansky 1955), and had many other far-reaching implications.According to Provine (1978), the work of Fisher, Wright, and Haldane had significant influence on evolutionary thinking in at least four ways. First, their models showed that the processes of selection, mutation, drift, and migration were largely sufficient to account for microevolution. Second, they showed that some directions explored by biologists were not fruitful. Third, the models complemented and lent greater significance to particular results of field and laboratory research. Fourth, they stimulated and provided framework for later empirical research. Since the time of the Modern Synthesis, evolutionary biology has arguably remained one of the most mathematized branches of the life sciences, in which mathematical models and methods continuously guide empirical research, provide tools for testing hypotheses, explain complex interactions between multiple evolutionary factors, train biological intuition, identify crucial parameters and factors, evaluate relevant temporal and spatial scales, and point to the gaps in biological knowledge, as well as provide simple and intuitive tools and metaphors for thinking about complex phenomena. In this chapter, I discuss two particular areas of theoretical evolutionary biology that have experienced significant progress since the late 1980s: a theory of fitness landscapes and a theory of speciation. I also outline two particular directions for theoretical studies on the origins of biodiversity which are especially important, in my opinion, for unification of different branches of the life sciences. One is the development of a theory of large-scale evolutionary diversification and adaptive radiation. The other is a quantitative theory of the origins of our own species. Classical Fitness LandscapesThe theoretical notion of fitness landscapes (also known as "adaptive landscapes," "adaptive topographies," and "surfaces of selective value"), which emerged at the onset of the Modern Synthesis, has become a standard tool both for formal mathematical modeling and for the intuitive metaphorical visualizing of biological evolution, adaptation, and speciation. This notion was first introduced by Sewall Wright in a classic paper deliv...

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Section: A Theory Of Adaptive Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Dimensional Fitness Landscapes and Speciation

Gavrilets¹

2010

Evolution—the Extended Synthesis

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“…The next step of mating is when the male mounts the female and inserts the penis under the female shell. Males of one ecotype that have the possibility of mating with females of two different ecotypes copulate with females of their own ecotype for longer than the other females (Hollander et al 2005), and from studies of males mating parasitized females, other males or juveniles we know that short matings (less than 5 min) are likely to represent failed copulation attempts with no transfer of sperm, while a full-length mating is usually around 20 -60 min (Saur 1990). Furthermore, laboratory experiments show that males mate longer with females of the same ecotype from a population 150 km away than with females of a different ecotype from an adjacent shore, despite the former being genetically much more distantly related to the males than the latter (Hollander et al (2005), and see Janson (1987b) for isolation-by-distance effects in allozymes over geographical distances of 0 -300 km).…”

Section: Evidences Of Partial Reproductive Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As snails of crab-rich environments (ecotypes RB, M and S, see table 1) are roughly twice the size of snails from wave-exposed environments (SU, H and E, see table 1), size differences between ecotypes are likely to explain a major part of their assortative mating. Indeed, if size differences are removed (by experiments in the laboratory choosing extremely large and small individuals of ecotypes with different average sizes) mating barriers largely disappear (Hollander et al 2005;Johannesson et al 2008). Snails of different ecotypes have different growth rates, and these are largely inherited, but also extremely variable within populations ( Janson 1982;Conde-Padín et al 2007).…”

Section: Evidences Of Partial Reproductive Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated evolution of reproductive isolation in a marine snail: unveiling mechanisms of speciation

Johannesson

Panova

Kemppainen

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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162

247

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Distinct ecotypes of the snail Littorina saxatilis, each linked to a specific shore microhabitat, form a mosaic-like pattern with narrow hybrid zones in between, over which gene flow is 10 -30% of within-ecotype gene flow. Multi-locus comparisons cluster populations by geographic affinity independent of ecotype, while loci under selection group populations by ecotype. The repeated occurrence of partially reproductively isolated ecotypes and the conflicting patterns in neutral and selected genes can either be explained by separation in allopatry followed by secondary overlap and extensive introgression that homogenizes neutral differences evolved under allopatry, or by repeated evolution in parapatry, or in sympatry, with the same ecotypes appearing in each local site. Data from Spain, the UK and Sweden give stronger support for a non-allopatric model of ecotype formation than for an allopatric model. Several different non-allopatric mechanisms can, however, explain the repeated evolution of the ecotypes: (i) parallel evolution by new mutations in different populations; (ii) evolution from standing genetic variation; and (iii) evolution in concert with rapid spread of new positive mutations among populations inhabiting similar environments. These models make different predictions that can be tested using comprehensive phylogenetic information combined with candidate loci sequencing.

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“…on the scale of metres) habitatspecific morphological differentiation driven primarily by variation in crab predation and wave exposure [15,17,18]. In each location, pairs of divergent ecotypes display distinct morphologies (E & S, Sweden [19]; RB & SU, Spain [20]; H & M, Britain [21]), partial reduction of gene flow [22][23][24][25] and evidence of reproductive isolation [21,26,27], providing support for multiple independent divergence events and suggesting L. saxatilis as a model of incipient sympatric speciation [17,18,26,28]. Yet, despite its importance as one of the few marine examples of incipient sympatric speciation [29], the necessity of lineage-wide phylogenetic context for model systems of sympatric speciation [30,31] and the established role of historical allopatric divergence in North Atlantic marine species [3,4], little is known about the evolutionary history of L. saxatilis across its trans-Atlantic range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic analysis reveals a deep lineage split within North Atlantic Littorina saxatilis

et al. 2011

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Phylogeographic studies provide critical insight into the evolutionary histories of model organisms; yet, to date, range-wide data are lacking for the rough periwinkle Littorina saxatilis, a classic example of marine sympatric speciation. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to demonstrate that L. saxatilis is not monophyletic for this marker, but is composed of two distinct mtDNA lineages (I and II) that are shared with sister species Littorina arcana and Littorina compressa. Bayesian coalescent dating and phylogeographic patterns indicate that both L. saxatilis lineages originated in the eastern North Atlantic, around the British Isles, at approximately 0.64 Ma. Both lineages are now distributed broadly across the eastern, central and western North Atlantic, and show strong phylogeographic structure among regions. The Iberian Peninsula is genetically distinct, suggesting prolonged isolation from northeastern North Atlantic populations. Western North Atlantic populations of L. saxatilis lineages I and II predate the last glacial maximum and have been isolated from eastern North Atlantic populations since that time. This identification of two distinct, broadly distributed mtDNA lineages further complicates observed patterns of repeated incipient ecological speciation in L. saxatilis, because the sympatric origins of distinct ecotype pairs on eastern North Atlantic shores may be confounded by admixture of divergent lineages.

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Local adaptation but not geographical separation promotes assortative mating in a snail

Cited by 74 publications

References 59 publications

High-Dimensional Fitness Landscapes and Speciation

High-Dimensional Fitness Landscapes and Speciation

Repeated evolution of reproductive isolation in a marine snail: unveiling mechanisms of speciation

Phylogeographic analysis reveals a deep lineage split within North Atlantic Littorina saxatilis

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