Local and seasonal variations in concentrations of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with particles in a Japanese megacity

Ohura, Takeshi; Kamiya, Yuta; Ikemori, Fumikazu

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.072

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The following studies are dealing with measurements on the roofs of buildings, garages and also in various floors of residential buildings on busy roads (rooftop on expressway, highway, dockside warehouse, industrial harbour, and central Nagoya [29]; a building in an urban area [6]; a building in an urban area and heavy traffic [24]; a building in an express highway area [18]; industry and residential rooftops [14]; a building in an urban area [32]; a building in an urban area [37]. The overview of the main literature sources regarding measurements of PAHs and their vertical distribution is given in Table 2.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Pahs In Vertical Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overview of the measurements for four individual seasons at 20 m height is reported [29], their sampling is limited for only 3 days, but for 4 seasons. The vertical profile during October 2011-March 2012 was monitored [28], however, the results are presented as the sum of individual PAHs for all periods, the contribution of 200 and 300 m concentration was explained as a long-distance transport of pollutants.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This most carcinogenic and mutagenic hydrocarbon with 5 rings was found present in the air [3] in 2 places in an urban area with the concentration of 0.61 and 0.73 ng/m 3 in winter and in 2 places on a farm on the rooftop (3 m) with the concentration of 0.17 and 0.53 ng/m 3 in the same season. Nagoya metropolis was measured and authors [29] found the concentration of BaP inside and in peripheral area 0.06-1.45 ng/m3 and 0.05-3.75 ng/m 3 , both in 20 m above the ground.…”

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confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: POSSIBILITY OF MONITORING OF PAHs DISTRIBUTION IN THE VERTICAL PROFILE AT THE BACKGROUND METEOROLOGICAL STATION KREŠÍN

Strnadová¹,

Hanuš²,

Kahoun³

et al. 2017

Acta Polytech

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Abstract. The contaminants present in the atmosphere have a substantial impact on public health. Among contaminants, the most important are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).This paper is focused on the possibility of continuous PAHs monitoring and the description of their vertical distribution using filters, which serve to purify the air before the determination of the greenhouse gases (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, CO, ozone) and Hg in air, continuously sampled at 8, 50 and 230 m at the atmospheric station Křešín near Pacov and elaboration of a simple and economical method of extraction of these filters.The station serves as a point for monitoring the occurrence and remote transport of greenhouse gases and selected atmospheric pollutants and for the measurements of basic meteorological characteristics.In December, 17, 2014, a sampling of 16 priority PAHs started and lasted until December, 9, 2015. Samples were taken approximately once a month. The maximum concentration of ΣPAHs was 15.905 ng/m 3 , measured at the height of 8 meters in the period of 11. 2. 2015-11. 3. 2015, the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene exceeded the immission limit in this period by more than 50 %.By the sampling, the hypothesis about decreasing concentration of PAHs with increasing height was confirmed, especially the decrease of heavier PAHs.The sampling has shown that it is highly desirable to use the meteorological tower for sampling of PAHs using PTFE filters either by including the active sampler itself, or by using pre-filters for tropospheric ozone and gaseous elemental mercury analysers.

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Section: Monitoring Of Pahs In Vertical Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: POSSIBILITY OF MONITORING OF PAHs DISTRIBUTION IN THE VERTICAL PROFILE AT THE BACKGROUND METEOROLOGICAL STATION KREŠÍN

Strnadová¹,

Hanuš²,

Kahoun³

et al. 2017

Acta Polytech

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“…To date, studies of the occurrence, sources and health risks of ClPAHs and BrPAHs in air samples are clearly insufficient, compared with their parent PAH compounds. Although a few case studies reported the concentrations, profiles, size distributions and health risks of PM-associated ClPAHs in urban air (Kakimoto et al, 2016;Kitazawa et al, 2006;Ma et al, 2013;Ohura et al, 2016;Ohura et al, 2005;Ohura et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2012), those for gas-associated ClPAHs are still very limited. No study has yet described the occurrence, sources and health risks of BrPAHs in gaseous and particulate air fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles, sources and potential exposures of parent, chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in haze associated atmosphere

Jin

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Several congeners of Cl, Br-PAHs in haze air were reported for the first time.• Cl, Br-PAH levels in heating period were higher than that in non-heating period. • Coal combustion contributes to the elevated levels of Cl, Br-PAHs in heating period.Editor: Jay Gan Profiles, sources and potential exposures of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs and BrPAHs) in haze associated atmosphere remain unclear. Haze events happened frequently during heating period in Beijing provided a typical urban context to investigate the concentrations, profiles, sources and potential exposures of ClPAHs, BrPAHs and their non-halogenated parent compounds (PAHs) in air samples. Average concentrations of PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs during heating periods (with more frequent haze events) were about 3-9 times higher than during non-heating periods. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM)-associated ClPAHs and BrPAHs were higher in heating period than in non-heating period, while for gas-associated ClPAHs and BrPAHs, this distinction was not significant. Congener patterns and congener profiles indicated that with increasing coal combustion during the heating period, concentrations of PAHs and ClPAHs in air were elevated in comparison to the non-heating period. Inhalation of PM-associated PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs accounted for higher exposure than inhalation of gas phase and dermal contact of both gas phase and particulate phase. In this study we found that the particulate phase is the dominant exposure pathway of atmospheric PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs during haze days, which is different from previous studies.

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“…Halogenated PAHs, which exert similarly toxic effects, can also be formed during activities such as incineration of municipal solid waste and secondary copper smelting [5,6]. Chlorinated and brominated PAHs (Cl/Br-PAHs) with three to ve rings are considered more toxic than their parent chemicals [7][8][9]. Those less focused PAH congeners or their substitutes might be important pollutants or precursors for highly toxic air contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-target screening of organic pollutants and target analysis of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere around metallurgical plants by high-resolution GC/Q-TOF-MS

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background：The 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) issued by US Environmental protection agency are a major focus in atmosphere in previous studies. Much more PAH congeners or their substitutes could be produced during combustion or thermal industrial processes and released into the atmosphere. However, a full screening of various organic pollutants in air surrounding important industrial sources have not been conducted. Identifying and characterizing organic pollutants in air is essential to accurate risk assessment. This study conducted non-target screening of organic pollutants and simultaneous target analysis of emerging contaminants including 8 polychlorinated naphthalenes and 30 higher cyclic halogenated PAHs by high-resolution gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/Q-TOF-MS) and applied to the air samples collected surrounding metallurgical plants. Emerging organic chemicals of high toxicity in air were identified.Results：We identified and characterized 187 organic chemicals categorized as PAHs, alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), heterocyclic PACs, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in atmosphere around industrial sources. Some of these identified chemicals, such as phthalic acid esters, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and hydroquinone with alkane substituents are of potential high toxicities and have not been the focus of previous studies of airborne contaminants. Moreover, hydroquinone with alkane substituents may be critical intermediates and precursors of an emerging contaminant- environmentally persistent free radicals. Thus, the presences of those identified highly toxic chemicals in the air merits attention. Moreover, 38 chlorinated and brominated PAHs as target compounds were accurately quantitated by using isotopic dilution method by application of GC/Q-TOF-MS, and the findings were similar to those of high-resolution magnetic mass spectrometry. Conclusion：In this study, both non-target screening of organic pollutants and target analysis of halogenated PAHs in air were achieved by GC/Q-TOF-MS. The method could be of significance for simultaneous analysis of those trace pollutants containing multiple congeners. Specific pollutants of potential high toxicity in atmosphere around industrial sources were identified. Those knowledge could be helpful for comprehensively recognizing the organic contaminants in air surrounding metallurgical plants and better understanding their potential health risks.

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Local and seasonal variations in concentrations of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with particles in a Japanese megacity

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

RETRACTED: POSSIBILITY OF MONITORING OF PAHs DISTRIBUTION IN THE VERTICAL PROFILE AT THE BACKGROUND METEOROLOGICAL STATION KREŠÍN

RETRACTED: POSSIBILITY OF MONITORING OF PAHs DISTRIBUTION IN THE VERTICAL PROFILE AT THE BACKGROUND METEOROLOGICAL STATION KREŠÍN

Profiles, sources and potential exposures of parent, chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in haze associated atmosphere

Non-target screening of organic pollutants and target analysis of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere around metallurgical plants by high-resolution GC/Q-TOF-MS

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