Local Anesthesia and Pain Control for the Child and Adolescent

McDonald, Ralph E.; Avery, David R.; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Jones, James E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-05724-0.50017-5

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…McDonald and Avery 21 (1994) stated that pain control is one of the most important aspects influencing the child behavior during dental treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic technique for inferior alveolar nerve block: a new approach

et al. 2011

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BackgroundEffective pain control in Dentistry may be achieved by local anesthetic techniques. The success of the anesthetic technique in mandibular structures depends on the proximity of the needle tip to the mandibular foramen at the moment of anesthetic injection into the pterygomandibular region. Two techniques are available to reach the inferior alveolar nerve where it enters the mandibular canal, namely indirect and direct; these techniques differ in the number of movements required. Data demonstrate that the indirect technique is considered ineffective in 15% of cases and the direct technique in 1329% of cases.ObjectiveObjective: The aim of this study was to describe an alternative technique for inferior alveolar nerve block using several anatomical points for reference, simplifying the procedure and enabling greater success and a more rapid learning curve.Materials and MethodsA total of 193 mandibles (146 with permanent dentition and 47 with primary dentition) from dry skulls were used to establish a relationship between the teeth and the mandibular foramen. By using two wires, the first passing through the mesiobuccal groove and middle point of the mesial slope of the distolingual cusp of the primary second molar or permanent first molar (right side), and the second following the oclusal plane (left side), a line can be achieved whose projection coincides with the left mandibular foramen.ResultsThe obtained data showed correlation in 82.88% of cases using the permanent first molar, and in 93.62% of cases using the primary second molar.ConclusionThis method is potentially effective for inferior alveolar nerve block, especially in Pediatric Dentistry.

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“…McDonald and Avery 21 (1994) stated that pain control is one of the most important aspects influencing the child behavior during dental treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthetic technique for inferior alveolar nerve block: a new approach

et al. 2011

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“…2 Pain is highly complex and multidimensional, the control of which is crucial to instill a positive dental attitude in children. 3 Various techniques of reducing injection pain in children can be broadly categorized as psychological and physical. The psychological approach includes behavior management techniques such as distraction 4 and hypnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 2-Stage Injection Technique in Children

Sandeep

Kumar

Jyostna³

et al. 2016

Anesthesia Progress

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Effective pain control during local anesthetic injection is the cornerstone of behavior guidance in pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the practical efficacy of a 2-stage injection technique in reducing injection pain in children. This was a split-mouth, randomized controlled crossover trial. One hundred cooperative children aged 7 to 13 years in need of bilateral local anesthetic injections (inferior alveolar nerve block, posterior superior alveolar nerve block, or maxillary and mandibular buccal infiltrations) for restorative, endodontic, and extraction treatments were recruited for the study. Children were randomly allocated to receive either the 2-stage injection technique or conventional technique at the first appointment. The other technique was used at the successive visit after 1 week. Subjective and objective evaluation of pain was done using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (FPS) and Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale, respectively. The comparison of pain scores was done by Wilcoxon sign-rank test. Both FPS and SEM scores were significantly lower when the 2-stage injection technique of local anesthetic nerve block/infiltration was used compared with the conventional technique. The 2-stage injection technique is a simple and effective means of reducing injection pain in children.

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“…Most adverse reactions to local anesthetics appear during injection or within the first 5–10 minutes . Local anesthetic toxicity is rare, but seizures, arrhythmia, cardiovascular collapse and neuropathic symptoms have been described.…”

Section: Adverse Reactions To Local Anestheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%