Local balance in the air-sea boundary processes

Toba, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1007/bf02108528

Cited by 363 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The variation in wind speed in 100-m height explains 43% of the variance (r 2 ) in the wave height data, the variation in the friction velocity in 40-m height-the height closest to the sea surface-59% of the variance. The wave heights turn out much smaller than expected from Toba's (1973) relation for fully developed growing wind waves which can be derived by inserting his Eq. 2.14 in the present Eq.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Wind-driven wave heights in the German Bight

Emeis¹,

Türk²

2009

Ocean Dynamics

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Wind speed, friction velocity and significant wave height data from the FINO1 platform in the southern German Bight 45 km off the coast for the years 2004 to 2006 have been evaluated and related to each other. The data show a clear dependence of the hourly mean wave height to the hourly mean friction velocity and wind speed. Wave heights increase with decreasing stratification and increasing fetch. Synoptic weather patterns for the highest wave heights in the southern German Bight are determined. The analysis is made separately for four wind direction sectors. The two strongest storms in the evaluated period, "Britta" and "Erwin", are analysed in more detail. Finally, the 50-year extreme significant wave height has been estimated to be about 11 m most probably coming from northerly directions.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Wind-driven wave heights in the German Bight

Emeis¹,

Türk²

2009

Ocean Dynamics

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“…Many experimental results are in great accordance with this theory. In the case of gravity surface waves, the first confirmation was obtained by Toba [4], and the most recent data by Hwang [5] were obtained as a result of lidar scanning of the ocean surface. Recent experiments with capillary waves on the surface of liquid hydrogen [6], [7] are also in good agreement with this theory.…”

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confidence: 86%

Decay of the monochromatic capillary wave

2003

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It was demonstrated by direct numerical simulation that, in the case of weakly nonlinear capillary waves, one can get resonant waves interaction on the discrete grid when resonant conditions are never fulfilled exactly. The waves's decay pattern was obtained. The influence of the mismatch of resonant condition was studied as well. PACS: 47.20.Ky, 47.35.+i Nonlinear waves on the surface of a fluid are one of the most well known and complex phenomena in nature. Mature ocean waves and ripples on the surface of the tea in a pot, for example, can be described by very similar equations. Both these phenomena are substantially nonlinear, but the wave amplitude is usually significantly less than the wavelength. Under this condition, waves are weakly nonlinear.To describe processes of this kind, the weak turbulence theory was proposed [1], [2]. It results in Kolmogorov spectra as an exact solution of the HasselmanZakharov kinetic equation [3]. Many experimental results are in great accordance with this theory. In the case of gravity surface waves, the first confirmation was obtained by Toba [4], and the most recent data by Hwang [5] were obtained as a result of lidar scanning of the ocean surface. Recent experiments with capillary waves on the surface of liquid hydrogen [6], [7] are also in good agreement with this theory. On the other hand, some numerical calculations have been made to check the validity of the weak turbulent theory [8], [9], [10].In this Letter we study the one of the keystones of the weak turbulent theory, the resonant interaction of weakly nonlinear waves. The question under study is the following:• How does a discrete grid for wavenumbers in numerical simulations affects the resonant interaction?• Can a nonlinear frequency shift broad resonant manifold to make discreteness unimportant?1) e-mail: kao@landau.ac.ruWe study this problem for nonlinear capillary waves on the surface of an infinite depth incompressible ideal fluid. Direct numerical simulation can make the situation clear. Let us consider the irrotational flow of an ideal incompressible fluid of infinite depth. For the sake of simplicity, let us suppose fluid density ρ = 1. The velocity potential φ satisfies the Laplace equationin the fluid region bounded bywith the boundary conditions for the velocity potentialon z = η, andon z → −∞. Here η = η(x, y, t) is the surface displacement. In the case of capillary waves, the Hamiltonian has the form H = T + U,where σ -is the surface tension coefficient. In [11], it was shown that this system is Hamiltonian. The 1

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“…It is manifested in various physical systems including atmospheric waves [3], the earth's magnetosphere and its coupling with the solar wind [4], interstellar plasmas [5], and ocean wind-driven waves [6]. Surface capillary waves are short waves on a fluid surface, for which surface tension is the primary restoring force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional energy cascade in surface capillary waves

et al. 2015

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Based on an experiment and simulations, we report that an energy cascade in surface capillary waves can be bi-directional, that is, can simultaneously flow towards large and small wavelength scales from the pumping scales. The bi-directional energy cascade provides an effective global coupling mechanism between the scales. We show that formation of the bi-directional cascade leads to creation of large-scale, large-amplitude waves on the fluid surface.

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Local balance in the air-sea boundary processes

Cited by 363 publications

References 7 publications

Wind-driven wave heights in the German Bight

Wind-driven wave heights in the German Bight

Decay of the monochromatic capillary wave

Bidirectional energy cascade in surface capillary waves

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